Compare the ways in which the closing of each text presents the ideas of justice and retribution in The Wife of Bath and Volpone Essay

In Jonson’s ‘Volpone’ and Chaucer’s ‘The Wife of Bath’s Tale’, both justice and retribution are an important feature throughout the texts as whole but especially so at the end of the texts. In each of the texts it is presented in a variety of different ways. In both texts the presentation of justice is very much dependant on the society in which the text is set and when the text is written. The two texts are both set and written in highly patriarchal societies and this is apparent in the texts themselves. In the ‘Wife of Bath’s Tale’ the person punishing the knight of his crime, is the queen. She does not punish him to death straight away as would have been the norm for a rape at this time (capital punishment was not seen as harsh or morally wrong in Chaucerian times and would not have been in the Arthurian times in which the tale is set), but instead gives him a chance of freedom, going against the societal norms, suggesting that maybe justice is not necessarily dependant on the society but the individual crime and prosecution. This could be a comment from Chaucer on how he feels about women in power, and considering the fact he is a male author writing for a male audience this would have been preferable to the views at the time. However the fact a woman has an opportunity to do this contradicts this. Differing from Chaucer, and in fact, his himself and his other plays Jonson, punishes the criminals in his play. This could be for comic effect as the as the punishments are ironic presentations of the crime or it could be the fact that around the time the play was published Jonson was implicated in the gun powder plot and it could be his conformation to the law and abiding by it. Both texts are set away from the place in which the audience is, whether by time or place.’Volpone’ is set in Venice, a town, at the time of writing, well known for being corrupt and ‘The Wife of Bath’s Tale’ is set in Arthurian England, allowing the authors of the texts license to portray the message they wish to their audience without having the text set to close to home. Both Jonson and Chaucer also have a heavy use of ironic justice in the ending of their texts. Jonson’s ‘Volpone’ implements this in the punishments/endings he gives his the characters, for example, through the entirety of the play, Celia is constantly concerned with how she is  objectified and how value is placed upon her, and after the trial, her marriage is ended and her dowry tripled, completely contradicting the view she has of herself. This example is linked with the patriarchal society as previously mentioned as at this time a woman was property of her father and then when she got married, property of her husband. Similarly the rest of the players in ‘Volpone’ are punished according to their crimes, Mosca’s status as a servant is reinforced, Corvino is publicly humiliated, like he threatened to with Celia and Corbaccio’s estates are given to his son Bonario despite Corbaccio’s wish to disinherit him throughout the entire p lay. Chaucer presents a slightly different type of ironic justice however, as the knight who is being charged is actually let off by the official courts as he manages to tell the queen what women want. However he is forced to marry the old hag whom told him the answer as he made a promise to her that he would. The knight himself says ‘ Allas,and weilaway! I woot right wel that swich was my biheste. For Goddes love, as chese a new request’. This is a use of hyperbole, emphasising the fact he does not wish to marry someone who is not of his choosing. This can be seen as ironic justice as he raped a maiden, taking away her choice, and now his own choice is being taken away. Saying this, by the end of the poem, the hag he is forced to marry turns into a beautiful woman, essentially negating his punishment and justifies his crime rather than punishing him and getting retribution for his victim. This is however, the woman’s choice, but it is possible that this is because she is given power, in the tale, which is what women want most, shown in the knights trial when he says ‘ â€Å"my lige lady, generally,† quod he, â€Å"wommen desiren to have sovereynet ee ,As wel over his housbond as hir love, And for too been in maistrie hym above†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, this can be seen as the knight once again over powering , although this time with what he has learnt rather than physical force, and getting what he wants , another way justice is not served Another way in which justice is distributed in the texts is the idea of justice and punishments due to the status of the ‘criminal’. This is shown in ‘Volpone’ when Mosca is punished for trying to over step his mark as a servant and elevate himself into the upper classes, by being punished forced to serve for the rest of his life. This is also mirrored slightly earlier in  the play, also with Mosca, as when the ‘Avvocato’ think Mosca is of high class they are more than happy to allow him to go free and even offer their daughters hand in marriage to him, whereas just moments later when he is revealed to be a servant he is grouped with the rest of the criminals, suggesting corruption in the justice system, which links back with the fact that it is set in Venice, which money is a vital part of. Similarly in the ‘Wife of Bath’ the knight’s status is used against him but in a slightly different way. In this case, his knighthood is called into question by his wife, the hag ,as he is not following the knightly code by ignoring her whilst in bed. ‘Taak fyr, and ber it in the derkeste hous Bitwix this and the mount of kaukasous, And lat men shette the dores and go thenne; Yet wole the fyr as faire lye and brenne As twenty thousand men myghte it biholde; His office natureel ay wol it holde, Up peril of my lyf, til that it dye.’ The use of the metaphor of the fire is the knights wife saying a fire will always behave like a fire, in any situation and he is expected to do the same. Both plays also have a justice system largely based on the punishment of ego and emotions rather than physical pain. The Knight is forced to be with someone that if he is seen in public with he will be judged and mocked and many of the crimes in Volpone are fitting of the crimes. However the rape in the tale is not put forward by the victim but instead is punished by society who takes responsibility for the nameless victim, whereas in Volpone this is not the case. Overall justice and retribution are not really portrayed as things that are set in stone or that should be followed exactly; instead in both texts the punishments are somewhat lax for the crimes that are committed. It is clear that in each text that a comment is being made on the justice system of the time, and although both texts are set away from their writing place, obvious, especially with the heavy use of irony. Also there is a lot of hyperbole in both texts adding to the fact that the authors a commenting on the imperfections in the justice systems.

Childhood Obesity and Cartoons

There are more obese children in the current times than ever before, and many people blame many different sources. One of these sources is Television; whether it is the act of the children watching television, or the shows themselves and what the children are seeing on the programs. The main discussion in what children’s television programs are showing is ‘food’ – more specifically, unhealthy food. Many of the programs on the children’s television channels show many cases of food during their run-time, and many argue that the majority of this food is unhealthy, and part of the cause of our children’s obesity. One of the more current cases in this category involved the long-time popular young children’s show Sesame Street, in which the beloved Cookie Monster was changed. He was changed to eat fruits and vegetables with the occasional cookie – because always eating cookies was unhealthy, and many complained that their children were getting a bad example from this. This was an extreme case since the show was actually changed (since it was such a popular show for young kids) – where in most shows, people wouldn’t argue as much, nor would they bother to change. A lot of studies have been done regarding the relation between obesity in children and children’s television, however mostly the studies were just making a correlation between the number of hours of television viewed and child obesity. The studies were not all paying attention to the exact programs or channels watched, just the fact that it was television. In his essay â€Å"Healthy Cartoons? A Content Analysis of Foods in Children’s Animated Television Programs,† Jeremy L. Korr talks about food in children’s television programming. Not only does he look back and gather together a lot of the important studies done concerning Children’s television programs and the food shown or referenced, but he does his own studies of the current Children’s Cartoons and their food shown and referenced (which will be discussed later). There are some older studies of children’s programs, one of which was conducted in 1994 by Warnke and Albrecht. They analyzed many children’s network programs airing Saturday mornings broadcast during 1991 and 1992. Of the foods mentioned or shown in these shows, â€Å"32 percent were fruits and vegetables, 14 percent were sweets† (Korr 452), and the rest were other food-types. This already helps to show that children’s programs do not show only unhealthy or even mostly unhealthy foods. However, a more recent study conducted by Poor in 2007 showed some different results. After watching 20 hours of the Disney Channel’s programming, â€Å"Poor found that 57 percent of the foods referenced within the Disney Channel programs were low in nutritional value† (Korr 452). These two studies seem to contradict each other, however the study done by Warnke and Albrecht was done on Saturday morning programming on major networks, where children (and parents) will be more likely to be watching the programs, whereas the study done by Poor was not. So the study done by Warnke and Albrecht could almost (but not) be disregarded, since the programs will intentionally try to be healthier since there will be more attention (by parents etc. ) on Saturday morning programming. In summary, these studies do not seem to show that children’s television programs are all showing only unhealthy food. The Saturday morning children’s programs on the major channels tend to stick more with healthier foods, but the weekday children’s programs on channels such as the Disney Channel tend to be closer to half or more of the food shown being unhealthy. Neither of these seem to quite prove or disprove that children’s programs are leading to obesity. Of course, in watching television, not only is one watching the program, but sitting through the commercials. People tend to neglect this fact and stick to blaming the children’s television programs instead of looking towards the children’s commercials. These commercials have been proven to consist of almost all unhealthy foods (at least in the past – currently they are moving more towards healthier foods because of the overall scare of children’s obesity in our society). A semi-current study was taken by Powel in 2007 that showed â€Å"98 percent of the food commercials view by children aged 2 to 11 and 89 percent of those viewed by children aged 12 to 17 were for products high in fat, sugar, or sodium† (Korr 451). These numbers have most likely lowered in the past few years due to all the current attempts to help our ever-growing obese society, but never the less – this is still quite important. Another relatively recent study on children’s commercials was conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation in 2007. After studying thousands of children’s food advertisements, they found that â€Å"34 percent of the foods in those ads were for candy and snacks, 28 percent were for cereal, 10 percent were for fast food, 4 percent were for dairy products, 1 percent were for fruit juices, and none were for fruits or vegetables† (Korr 458). Although it is not split into simply unhealthy and healthy categories, one can easily agree that well over half, maybe two-thirds of the advertisements were of unhealthy foods. This only helps strengthen that a good majority of advertisements during children’s programming are of unhealthy foods. Now that children’s programming and the advertisements during have been covered, only one category remains: Children’s Cartoons. Since it is a relatively hard subject to study, since cartoons aren’t always realistic, not much research has been done. Korr however, watched thirty-two children’s cartoons on a total of three cable and two broadcast networks. He found that â€Å"35 percent of the foods referenced visually or verbally were sweets and salty snacks, 6 percent were breads and cereals, 18 percent were meats, 5 percent were dairy products, and 22 percent were fruits and vegetables (including fruit juice)† (Korr 458). So as far as Children’s Cartoons; surprisingly, one-fifth to one-fourth of all of the foods referenced are fruits and vegetables, and less than one-half of all of the foods referenced are unhealthy. This differs slightly from unanimated children’s programs with more fruits and vegetables and 20-25 percent less unhealthy foods. Compared to the more closely monitored Saturday children’s programs, which consist of unanimated and animated shows, there are considerably more sweets and slightly less vegetables overall in children’s cartoons. Korr also found that children’s Cable channels accounted for most of the food references as well as â€Å"98 percent of the references to sweets, 91 percent of the references to salty snacks, and 91 percent of the references to fruits and vegetables† (Korr 459). He also found the lowest frequency of unhealthy foods in the Saturday morning programs that were always ridiculed for sending out poor nutritional messages. This only helps prove the point that Saturday morning programs are more closely monitored seeing as they have the least reference to food, as well as the least reference to unhealthy food. So now, we could almost definitively say that warnke and Albrecht’s studies could be ignored for the purpose of this analysis. After looking at all of these different studies, one can deduct a few things. First, children’s programs aired on cable seem to be more likely to have more foods referenced or shown, which of course leads to more unhealthy foods. Second, children’s programs aired on Saturdays seem to be more likely to have less foods referenced or shown, with more fruits and vegetables than sweets and salty foods. Third, children’s programs aired on the weekdays tend to have more sweets involved. And last, children’s advertisements all seem to show a majority of unhealthy foods. In general, it seems that children’s advertisements are the major problem in showing unhealthy foods. As far as children’s programming, Cartoons seem to show more unhealthy foods than unanimated series, and depending on what time and network the program is aired on will make a difference on what one will see. One solution to this, stated by Korr, would be to use a DVR (digital video recorder), such as TiVo, to record the programs, and then fast-forward or skip through the commercials, thereby eliminating a good amount of the unhealthy foods shown during children’s programming. However this does not seem quite necessary. It seems, based on these studies, that if one limits them self to Saturday programming, one will eliminate a good amount of the advertisements and the shows with unhealthy foods referenced and shown. Also watching broadcast as opposed to cable network shows appears to cut down the amount as well. As a last resort, if a child must watch television, a DVR would be a relatively good solution.

Compartive report between Australia and Norway Health Care System Essay

Compartive report between Australia and Norway Health Care System - Essay Example However, Australia presents a mixed system of public and private care that presents more choices to those that are ill compared to Norway, which has a predominantly centrally planned state sponsored health system. The Norwegian system presents generous support to those who are ill, but long waiting lists for procedures exist despite a higher number of physicians per 100,000 population. Norway presents very limited patient choice and say. Australians have a guarantee of healthcare, no matter how expensive it becomes, and can decide about the quality of care that they receive by selecting their contributions to Medicare or private healthcare schemes. However, in Norway, the GP assigned to a patient decides about what the system will offer to a patient, and it is not easy to change the GP. Longer waiting lists and a lack of advanced diagnostic techniques, including use of MRI and CT scanning, points to a certain rationing and a lack of sophistication in the Norwegian system, despite its generous support for those that are ill. Access to drugs is better in the Australian system. Although the year 2000 WHO Health Report ranked Norway higher than Australia in terms of the performance of its health system, this report is now a decade old. The latest OECD Frequently Requested Healthcare Data points to the fact that the Australian healthcare system is now performing better and offering more choices to those who are ill with shorter waiting lists and access to more sophisticated diagnostic procedures compared to Norway. Life expectancy is higher in Australia, with a lower figure for Potential Years of Life Lost for the population, and the Australian system offers better pharmaceutical / drug assistance. It is certain that economic constraints have forced choices, and the Norwegian healthcare system has had to try to optimise. Thus, although it is likely that things will improve with the development of a parallel private healthcare system in Norway,

Problem Definition and Developing an Approach Report Assignment

Problem Definition and Developing an Approach Report - Assignment Example has managed to expand its business to more than 35 markets on five continents. The sales of Mary Kay products reached $2.5 billion in wholesale sales worldwide in 2009, and its global independent sales force exceeded 2 million (Mary Kay, n.d.). Mary Kay, Inc. is a private company, founded by Mary Kay and her son Richard R. Rogers and lead by the Mr. David B. Holl, Chief Executive Officer and President (Business Week 2011). The company offers a broad range of its products, including anti-aging, cleanser, moisturizer, lip and eye care, body care, sun care products as well as makeup products for eyes, lips, and cheeks, foundations, concealers, powders, compacts and applicators, and facial highlighting pens (Business Week, 2011). These products are produced at manufacturing plants in Dallas, Texas and China, and are sold in worldwide, including Europe, South and North America, Oceania, and Asia (Business Week, 2011). The key success of the company’s products promotion partially re lates to its staff comprised of sales force and Independent Beauty Consultants. The sales force members represent an integral part of the Mary Kay’s advertising strategy; they work either on door-to-door or in home demonstrations (Mary Kay, n.d.). Thus, the global network of Mary Kay’s consultants enables the company not only to sell its products worldwide but also provide personal support and give beauty advices to its customers. A. Environmental Analysis Political Qatar is politically stable country. Strengthening relations between Qatar and The United States help to set Pro-American climate, favorable for doing international business between these two countries (Wallace, n.d.) The legal environment of Qatar provides relatively favorable climate for foreign investors. The key benefits are referred to: no income tax or social security deductions payable on wages and salaries; corporate tax on foreign companies is 10%; no taxation is payable on exports; customs duties start at just 5% (KMD Consulting, n.d.). However, there are imposed import restrictions of cosmetics in Qatar (Country Codes and International Resources, n.d.). Economic Qatar has a strong economy, driven by revenues from oil and natural gas resources (Wallace, n.d.). This country has shown unprecedented economic growth rate during the last few years (Ministry of Business and Trade, n.d.). According to World Economic Forum of 2010, Qatar has topped other Arab and Middle East countries (Ministry of Business and Trade, n.d.). Due to its highly-efficient and well-performing institutional platforms, effective commodities and stable economic environment, Qatar has topped 139 countries included in the Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) (Ministry of Business and Trade, n.d.). Moving to 17th rank out of 139 countries included in this report, Qatar hit a new record of 5.10 points comparing with its performance during the last few years (Ministry of Business and Trade, n.d.). The country is recognized as one of the highest living standard on earth (Ministry of Business and Trade, n.d.). From the economic perspective, Mary Kay Inc. has profound opportunities to expand its business in Qatar with great success. Socio-Cultural Even though Qatar women wear a covering, they also want to look pretty. This desire is expressed through applying of all modern technologies and innovations presented in cosmetology and surgery. The key issue, Mary Kay needs to take into

Management of Knowledge & Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management of Knowledge & Information - Essay Example The main problem of these hotels is the inability to attract more customers. The priority club rewards system resolves these problems by providing the customers with reward points every time they stay in these hotels. These reward points are given to the members of the priority club. The customers can avail the membership and can make use of these points to purchase, travel or stay in these hotels. The benefits of the priority club reward system helps the hotels to earn more profit and increase their revenue. The customers are also benefited as they get to redeem their points in any of the offered methods. Introduction An information system generally manages information pertaining to the organization in which it is installed. This ensures that the employees and customers are always intimated regarding the operations in the organization. Implementing an information system requires certain predefined tasks that determine the requirements of the organization. The information system must be implemented in such a way that it incorporates the requirements of the concerned organization. The system must be designed and developed according to the company’s nature and type. ... The information provided to the user must convey the intended information in an effective manner. This will enable the user to understand the rewards system in a better way. This in turn will increase the revenue of the IHGs and the associated hotels. The rewards system includes components which are easy to understand and implement. Since information system aims at satisfying the user, the rewards system is composed of modules and operations that ease the process of this programme. The services provided to the customers include reward point information, information pertaining to the hotels, updating points each time the customer makes use of any service and providing membership options. Each of these services is designed to suit the requirements of the customer. These services are beneficial to the customer as well as to the hotel groups. Though this framework seems to be simple and satisfying, it lacks certain basic features. The information system must be accessible by the user so that he can get the information about every hotel and its services. This will also enable him to get an idea about the priority rewards system. The membership details must be made available to the customer and this will make the selection of membership an easier task. If the services provided by this system are revived, the user will get more benefited. This in turn will increase the numbers of customers. Priority Club Rewards System Priority Club Rewards system is the information system used by the Intercontinental Hotels Group. It is a hotel loyalty programme which enables the customers to experience world class facilities and enjoy the benefits of club rewards. The aim of this programme is to provide the customers

Sula in her Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sula in her Society - Essay Example When describing Sula’s hometown, the author offers the environment as one in which the local community is facing unemployment and the pain from not having work for an extended period of years. Morrison describes the community who watches Sula as being secretively pain-riddled where humor is utilized in an attempt to not have to focus on their poverty. Morrison describes a â€Å"shucking, knee-slapping, wet-eyed laughter that could even describe and explain how they came to be where they were†¦a nigger joke† (Morrison, 4). This describes a community which is well-aware of their social status, however they feel virtually powerless to break free from this lifestyle and utilize humor to gain a sense of control and to cope. Sula is powerfully-different from this lifestyle belief and manages, over her lifetime, to develop quality friendships and find the positive self-identity she is searching for. In Sula’s household, the women use door-slamming and other extreme behaviors such as throwing objects as a means to gain a perception of control over a very chaotic household environment and poverty living standards. Toni Morrison illustrates these wild behaviors in Sula’s household to describe how her upbringing taught Sula that relief from stress and unhappiness in the form of these extreme behaviors were positive methods to gain power over the boundaries caused by their gender, racial and financial statuses. Toni Morrison likely described the environment where Sula was raised as a means to highlight the sociological problems of African-American women during the novel’s time-period. Her hometown maintains many more-affluent white citizens which also impacts the view of the self which less-privileged people experienced from 1920-1960. Morrison is clearly using Sula, and her somewhat unorthodox belief in living life to its fullest, as a representation that an individual does not

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 53

Discussion - Essay Example Most people have a reluctance to find reliable and trusted resources about important national and government events. Studies also reveal that facts have little effect in changing people and their perception towards the government operations. Political ignorance has been paramount for a number of years and people often base their opinions based on beliefs rather than democratic ideals and human intelligence. Facts ought to dictate beliefs and preconceived notions. People should dedicate time to learn more about the government and its policies. People tend to seek consistency as they interpret information to their beliefs. Through motivated reasoning, people should strive to accept that the sophistication of governance alters existing norms to incorporate structural or political development. Through E-government portals, the public should access any government events or services. E-governments are responsible in ensuring effectiveness in government delivery services as well as simplifying the compliance of citizen participation and government regulations. Through the e-government orientation, citizens will participate in government activities and strengthen their trust. This action will also ensure cost-effective business practices and responsive, streamlined government services are achieved. The access of information will allow people to access various government services and information. People will also participate in democracy and cause a great impact as to how the government can interact efficiently with its citizens. The e-government has various benefits regarding the participation of the public. More people will have free access to various platforms in which they can express their opinions in the government. For example, a certain minister may choose to get opinion about certain amendments to the constitution that he or she may wish to make. It is important that the public participate in these proposed new

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SWOT Analysis - Essay Example The organization appears to have outgrown a vast majority of its present systems, and is presently faced with the challenge of having to layoff at least 500 workers. In order to sustain its tradition of not laying off any of its employees, BigTime will need to tackle the issues identified in the SWOT analysis presented in this report. The key issue lies in the company’s view to revolutionize its operations in order to integrate additional product offerings. This paper will provide a comprehensive SWOT analysis that will inform BigTime’s adoption of comprehensive marketing and organizational structure strategies. The SWOT analysis will be indispensable in helping BigTime take full advantage of its increasing customer base. BigTime SWOT analysis An organization’s SWOT analysis matrix is essential since it facilitates the realization of various factors concerning the organization, for instance, its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. These benchmarks a re valuable in ascertaining the overall efficacy of the company’s business operations and realizing probable problematic areas and devising viable systems to tackle the problems. Strengths One of BigTime’s greatest strengths is its reputation of producing appropriate product offerings that are not only pertinent to the markets at different times, but are also tailored for each customer. In fact, the organization has been able to garner massive market presence and share based only on its name and reputation. The company is renowned for providing superior quality virtual management services to its customers. This positive reputation has been sufficient in creating opportunities for the company is diverse areas of the market. Question 1 This means that BigTime relies on its customers’ views or word of mouth as a form of marketing to other companies. Additionally, BigTime bases its marketing strategy solely on its website, which was developed 4 years ago by the vice president’s son. Through this marketing strategy, the business has attained major strides in enhancing its sales records, ultimately realizing a 20% increase in its reported profits in one year. Brand image is one of the most vital elements of an organization’s overall attractiveness. Therefore, BigTime’s good reputation and the name has a positive impact on its brand image, making the organization’s product and institutional brands quite appealing to the market. Furthermore, having operated in the virtual management market for 20 years, BigTime has in-depth knowledge of the market, which enables the company tailor its products based on market demands. Additionally, BigTime has superior infrastructure that continues to facilitate access and exploitation of applications needed to facilitate successful delivery of virtual management systems. These systems and applications are critical since they facilitate the organization’s provision of a holistic virtual experience to its customers. At present, BigTime boasts of a massive proportion of the virtual management market. BigTime’s operations in the country are approximately one-third of the market as BigTime is one of three companies that dominate the virtual management sector. Another key strength inherent in the organization is its wide array of products. BigTime offers an array of virtual services including management, organizational change, management, organizational leadership, and business. These products allow the organization to participate

Mining Minerals From Seawater By Damian Palin Essay

Mining Minerals From Seawater By Damian Palin - Essay Example The rest of the part would involve the user shaking and shake. The presentation was interesting since the speaker encouraged the audience that it is possible to use one paper towel. Inventing is the easy part by Daniel Schnitzer. In the presentation, Daniel Schnitzer explains how solar products, made in a small-scale, can be helpful. He gives examples of the solar products as LED light bulbs that are powered using solar power. According to him, the invention of the solar panel, as a source of power could change the living standards the rural part of Haitians. However, he found that the value of the invention could rarely sell to the people. Schnitzer also explained the importance of the invention, concerning health and energy. It would be helpful for the developing world in when it receives a high market value. From the presentation, Daniel Schnitzer clarifies that the world, in the course of development, should effectively embrace technological dissemination. Of importance in his pr esentation is the emphasis on the efficiency of his invention over the other forms of energy as kerosene and paraffin. This would support the revolution through transforming the world. According to Daniel Schnitzer, the high cost of the technology would not allow it to dominate the market. Despite that, the invention would be affordable when considering the standards of the western society. Showing the audience, the invented gadget in his presentation, was an effective way of enhancing the presentation.

Genetic Engineering of Crops Technology Research Paper

Genetic Engineering of Crops Technology - Research Paper Example In some cases, GM crops may yield entirely new products that are not normally derived from traditional crops such as medicines (Berg & Mertz, 2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found in all living things. It is a complex self-replicating molecule used by cells to pass hereditary characteristics or traits from generation to generation. It carries information that an organism needs to make protein molecules - the structural and functional constituents of the cell. Proteins are long chains composed of smaller molecules called amino acids. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that determine how the protein will work in the cell, the structure it will take or the job it will do. DNA is the blueprint that determines the order of amino acids for any given protein. DNA differs with each species (British Medical Association, 1999). Genes that are moved from one species to another are called transgenes. Crop varieties can be created by transgenic engineering, which is the deliberate human introduction of a gene from one species, modified crops or GM crops. Although this module focuses on modifying agriculturally important plants, the principles are the same in relation to both animal husbandry and medicine, to others which are often referred to as genetically (Donnellan, 2004). Herbicides and insecticides are expensive, can pollute both the air and water and may also have negative health effects on those who apply them or work around them. In many less developed countries, the lack of safety equipment and training often results in serious health injuries and environmental degradation linked to the use of agricultural chemicals. It is the benefit to all to reduce pesticide and herbicide use (James, 2008). Farmers often rotate crops in fields, periodically sowing plants such as alfalfa that is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots.  GM technology is heavily covered by patents. Perceived intellectual property issues create an impression of a barrier to technology transfer. There is an urgent need for more informed policy debate about the role of intellectual property rights in biotechnology and technology transfer.  

Government Economic Policies and Business Essay Example for Free

Government Economic Policies and Business Essay (a) The government used fiscal policy to increase public spending. This implies that a rise in taxation also took place. The rise in taxes meant that people had less money to spend, i.e. less disposable income. As a result, they were unable to buy as much. This caused the demand of certain products to decline. As a result, the respective companies made less profit. This meant that they were unable to produce as much (also to avoid excess supply). This led to companies cutting jobs. The cut in jobs increased unemployment, which meant people had no job, so they had no income, therefore they were unable to spend, which makes the demand fall further, and so on. (b) The government had used fiscal policy to boost the economy. In Japan, the fiscal policy was used to fund the games industry, to create more jobs, in order to increase the income and therefore, increase spending by the people in those jobs. However, we can see from the graphs that retail sales in Japan in 1997 were dramatically falling. A cause for this was the GDP which also hit an all time low in Japan. This meant that people did not have the money to spend, therefore, from the evidence available we can say that Japans fiscal policy was unsuccessful. (c) The countrys budget provides an opportunity not only to take an overview of the macro-economy, but also to make changes to the incentive structures created by different taxes. The chancellor has many objectives to consider at budget time. One of these objectives may be to increase taxes on polluting fuels (e.g. petrol) so as to discourage their use. This can be controlled by the fiscal policy, which, in this case would involve increasing taxes on such fuels. This may come as a direct tax on the petrol, or more indirectly by increasing the road tax on bigger vehicles. Provided that such polluting fuels are used to the same extent, this would generate higher tax revenue for the government which can then be used to increase public spending, such as building hospitals, which would not only result in better healthcare, but it would also create jobs, which would mean that people would be earning, allowing them more disposable income, and thus influencing spending power, which may in fact be another objective of the government.

Human Resource Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Information Systems Essay 1. â€Å"Suggest how HR professionals can use online recruiting to more effectively support recruitment activities while reducing organizational costs.† Retaining and acquiring talent with high qualities is crucial to an organization’s success. â€Å"As the economy and job market heats up, so has the market for corporate recruiting and recruiting service and consultants† (Bersin, 2013). Therefore, the labor force becomes more competitive and available skills become more diverse, HR professionals need to be more selective when choosing the right candidate. Poor decisions made by recruiters can result into negative effects for the company. Another thing that can impact an organization as well as an employee’s morale is high training and development cost. For this reason alone, many companies have turned to e-Recruiting. â€Å"Online recruiting involves less human interaction, reaches a much broader audience, files records electronically, and provides selection tools electronically† (Friend, 2014). Companies can conduct everything online while spending less money sending all employees to a training session or meeting off-site. Just by conducting meetings, training, etc. online saves the company a lot of money. For example, new hires really make up the majority of the cost because they need to be trained in every aspect of the job they are taking on. Also, training occurs with other employees besides new hires when a new product or service surfaces within the company. All employees need to learn about the new products or services in order to promote them to their clients. Online recruiting comes in handy since it’s a real money saver by having employees do everything online via internet instead of meeting each time for different things. Online recruiting is not only cost effective but it’s quick and easy to do. HR professionals can posts job postings anywhere there is an internet  connection and receive responses just as quickly. Online recruiting can become very convenient. 2. â€Å"Recommend four (4) strategies to mitigate the unintended consequences associated with e-Recruiting.† Four strategies to mitigate the unintended consequences associated with e-Recruiting include: Ensuring consistent high customer satisfaction online and maintaining consistent high service When e-recruiting, recruit and select applicants who appear to have out-going personalities that fit within the organizational culture This can be determined from likes/dislikes Express that training and incentives will be provided in order to encourage loyalty, motivation, and focus on doing whatever it may be to meet the needs of the customer, and create Create a consistent set of HR practices that work together to create a culture of customer service. A strategy is not always planned and HR professionals usually have to adopt this strategic plan. Maintaining excellent service and high customer satisfaction is a good look for the company. Also, it’s a great strategy to have to meet all the needs of the customers to ensure their returned business and for them to spread the good comments about the company to their family, friends, and co-workers. The last strategy to mitigate the unintended consequences is for HR to get their practices to work together for the good of the company. HR needs to put a process in place that will be successful and beneficial to the employees and the company. 3. â€Å"Propose one (1) approach in which online recruitment can help ensure the employee’s psychological contracts are fulfilled.† According to Kavanagh, Thite, Johnson (2012), psychological contract fulfillment, employee satisfaction, and retention rates are three other important goals of the recruitment process. The employees’ beliefs about the obligations and promises between them and their companies are what the psychological contract refers to. It’s going to be important to explore the extent to which online recruitment can help ensure that employees’ psychological contracts are fulfilled. Information that is collected and distributed during the recruitment process shapes the expectancy that leads to psychological contract fulfillment, which directly affects employee satisfaction and retention rates. The numerous expectations that shape the psychological contract include the work role, such as job performance; social relations, such as co-wo rker and customer interactions; economic  rewards (raises, monetary incentives), and company culture. According to Heneman and Judge (2006), one approach to use to ensure psychological contracts are filled is a realistic recruitment message. 4. â€Å"Suggest three (3) strategies you would use to attract high-quality candidates and members of diverse groups using an e-Recruitment approach.† One strategy to use to attract candidates would be through social media. Examples of social media would be Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and even email such as Hotmail, Yahoo, and Google, etc. Today’s world is very technical savvy and most people now use the internet for everything, these medias would be perfect for announcing job vacancies and announcements. For example, when I used to work for State Farm I made a Facebook page for the company and promoted different products and services that we offered. Another strategy I would use is at the end of applicants completing their work history, etc. before submitting to the job, a series of detailed questions would be asked that relates to specific job in which they are applying for such as years of experience performing that particular job, and skill competencies, etc., this would eliminate applicants that don’t have the necessary experience and skills and alleviate unwanted applications. One last strategy I would use to determine diverse groups is have the applicant fill out an optional survey informing of their race, gender, etc. The survey if completed or not would not have an impact on whether or not the applicant is interviewed and the applicant would also be informed of this as well. This would only be for survey purpose that will allow the organization to see if and how many people from diverse backgrounds are applying. 5. â€Å"Take a stand on whether or not the attributes of a Website (attractiveness, quality, and ease of use) would affect your motivation to apply for a job at that company. Justify your position with specific examples from two (2) business Websites that you are familiar with.† In my opinion, I find that when applying for positions the company’s attractive quality and ease of use website is very important. This lets me know that the company takes pride in their name and what to make an impression on the candidates that are applying. Even though they are the ones that are hiring, they need employees to work as well as a candidate needs a job. The first impression is a lasting impression, and if I’m impressed with the Website then chances are I’m going to be impressed with the company and would want to work for them. Two websites that I’m  familiar with are www.indeed.com and www.careerbuilder.com. I used these two websites frequently because they always have up to date posts on their websites every day and have a variety of positions available. Both sites are colorful, and allow you to type in key words related to the job of interest along with the city and state. Next, it will display jobs related to the key words that are entered. The jobs that are displayed list the job title, company name, and a brief description of the job that includes the range in job salary, for some. Both search engines are easy to navigate, the content of the information is relevant to what I’m looking for. Also, usability is a plus, because they both allow you to receive job alerts, creat user accounts, and answer frequently asked questions. 6. â€Å"Propose four (4) security controls you would put into place to prevent unauthorized access to data and unauthorized disclosure of data when using e-Recruiting systems.† One security control I would use is each applicant would have to set up their own personal username and access code. This should ease the mind of the applicant, because this is information that only the applicant would use and have access to. Next, I would design a security control that is time sensitive and require the user to sign back in if the computer is idled for a certain amount of it the user spends too much time in one area without moving on to the next area. Third, I would use an online security system that would prevent hackers and unauthorized access to applicant’s information. â€Å"The last security control that I might put in place would be some type of software where you have to answer personal related questions about your past that only that specific person would know† (Zeidner, 2007). For example, a multiple choice question might pop up and ask which of the following are related to you and the employee that is trying to gain access would have to answer the question correctly. According to Kavanagh et al, I would develop privacy protection policies that (1) restrict access to data, (2) restrict disclosure of data, and (3) ensure that only job-relevant data are collected for decision-making purposes. Everyone has to be careful nowadays, because hacking into computers is just as easy as breaking into a house nowadays. References Bersin, J. (2013, May 23). Corporate Recruiting Explodes: A New Breed of Service Provders. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2013/05/23/corporate-recruitment-transformed-new-breed-of-service-providers/ Friend, L. (2014). Advantages of Online Recruiting. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-online-recruiting-3093.html Heneman, H.G., Judge, T. A. (2006). Staffing Organizations (5th ed). Boston: McGraw Hill (nd). Introduction to Online Recruitment. HRM: Guide Human Resource Management. Retrieved from: http://www.hrmguide.co.uk/recruitment/introduction_to_online_recruitement.htm Kavanagh, M. J., Thite, M., Johnson, R. D. (2012). Human Resource Information Systems (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Zeidner, R. (2007, December 1). HR Magazine: Making Online Recruiting More Secure. Retrieved from SHRM: http://www.shrm.org/Publications/hrmagazine/EditorialContent/Pages/1207hrtech.aspx

Trumans Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb

Trumans Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb It was spring of 1945, and the Second World War was coming to a decisive conclusion. Germany had surrendered, and Hitler had committed suicide. In addition, Italy had begun working out the details of its surrender with Allied diplomats. Japan, however, refused to surrender. Even after the decisive American victories at Okinawa and Iwo Jima, Japans Emperor, Hirohito, refused to give in to the Allys demand for unconditional surrender. Japans defiance forced United States President Harry Truman to make the most important decision of his presidency: whether to give the order to invade the Japanese mainland or use the atomic bomb. President Truman, after many months of careful consideration and countless meetings with his Secretary of War Henry Stimson, decided to use the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This decision involved four major justifications: use of the atomic bomb would end the war successfully at the earliest possible moment, it would achieve diplomatic gains in the gr owing rivalry with the Soviet Union, it would satisfy America’s hatred of the Japanese and it would satisfy the need for Americans to avenge the bombing of Pearl Harbor. As the war continued into its fifth year, the war for Europe was successfully ended by the use of what are now called conventional means, but the war in the Pacific still needed to be drawn to a close, and as quickly as possible (Stimson 98). Truman and his administration believed that only complete destruction of her [Japan] military power could open the way to lasting peace; however, there were several options for ending the war. Trumans first attempt to end the war involved convincing Japan to surrender under the new conditions of the surrender document (Stimson 101). The Japanese believe that unconditional surrender would be the equivalent of national extinction, and there are as yet no indications that they are ready to accept such terms, however, it appeared that Japan might surrender at any time depending upon the conditions of surrender (Command Decision 504-505). On July 26, 1945, the Allies issued the Potsdam Proclamation to Japan. It was an opportunity for Japan to surrend er immediately or face prompt and utter destruction (Nobile 53). However, due to political opposition from American Senators and Congressmen to weaken the terms of unconditional surrender, Secretary of State Byrnes eliminated all reference of the possibility that Emperor Hirohito could retain the throne. In addition to this elimination, all references to the atomic bomb and the Soviets entry into the war were also omitted. As a result of these changes, the proclamation was not effective in changing the position of Japans government. After this failed attempt at diplomatically ending the war, a military invasion of the Japanese mainland now seemed to be the most viable solution to ending the war as soon as possible. This plan, however, was predicted to be very costly and dangerous. Sean Malloy believes that the bomb was used to avoid a million casualties, to American forces alone and enemy casualtiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦much larger than our own (162). Stimson was informed that such an operation might be expected to cost over a million casualties, to American forces alone. Additional large losses might be expected among our allies and, of course, if our campaign were successful and if we could judge by previous experience, enemy casualties would be much larger than our own (McKain 141). However, the ground invasion still posed the question, whether this kind of action would induce surrender (McKain 141). Stimson, in his memorandum for the president, questioned: [if] there are any alternatives to such a forceful occupation of Japan which will secure for us the equivalent of an unconditional surrender of her forces and a permanent destruction of her power again to strike an aggressive blow at the peace of the Pacific. (McKain 142-143) Stimson, who ultimately convinced Truman, that there is enough such change [to surrender] to make it well worth while (McKain 143). The reality behind Trumans decision to use the atomic bomb was that the bomb would be favored over an invasion. President Truman based part of his decision on post-war politics. Truman and his advisers knew there were alternative ways of ending the war in the Pacific but deliberately went ahead with dropping the atomic bomb because of the perceived diplomatic advantages. From the very beginning of Trumans Presidency, Secretary of War Stimson advised him that the atomic weapon might be useful in post war diplomatic disagreements with the Soviets (Nobile 40). The atomic bomb allowed the United States, in the following months after Japans surrender, to follow a strategy of atomic diplomacy in dealing with its war-time ally the Soviet Union. In addition, Truman believed that the bomb would make Russia more manageable in Europe (Command Decisions 510).   In essence using the atomic bomb would intimidate the Soviets. In a letter from the Assistant Secretary of War John McCloy to President Truman, McCloy recommended the following: The time now and the method now to deal with Russia was to keep our mouths shut and let our actions speak for our words. The Russians understand them better than anything else. It is a case where we have got to regain the lead and perhaps do it in a pretty tough and realistic way. (Roleff 120) Secretary of State James Byrnes more than anyone else inside the Administration, supported Trumans hopes that, the bombà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦might well put us in a position to dictate our own terms at the end of the war (Nobile 40). Trumans decision to drop the bomb was also based on his belief that he would be support by a majority of the American public because it satisfied their hatred of the Japanese. Japan throughout the war and Probably in all our history, no foe had been so detested as were the Japanese (Nobile 17). This great disgust for the Japanese stemmed from Japans treatment of prisoners of war (POWs), and use of kamikaze pilots on the American Navy. Treatment of prisoners in Japanese camps varied, although it was always very poor. Prisoners were known to have been thrown off cliffs or used for bayonet practice. The infamy of Pearl Harbor was enough: But to it were soon added circumstantial accounts of Japanese atrocities at Hong Kong, Singapore, and finally and most appallingly, upon American prisoners in the Philippinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Emotions forgotten since our most savage Indian wars were reawakenedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Nobile 17) The use of Japanese kamikaze pilots as a weapon against the United State Navy and Air Force was an addition source of anger. This unconventional military tactic confirmed Japanese fanaticism and every navel battle was now a fight to the finish (Nobile 9). This tactic was so successful that several thousand kamikaze planes were set aside for an invasion of the Japanese mainland that never happened.   By the end of the war, kamikaze pilots had destroyed thirty-six US war ships and killed over 5,000 sailors. Trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb could have been justified out of hatred for the poor treatment for American POW, and the use of kamikaze pilots as a military tactic. and the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor (; McKain 28-35). Revenge was also a source of motivation for Truman to drop the atomic bomb. Americans regarded their Pacific enemy as a nation of treacherous and inhuman fanatics. Wartime advertising and propaganda portrayed the Japanese as sub-human monkey-men, vicious rodents, or venomous insects especially for their surprise attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack resulted in the death of nearly 2,500 service men, and the destruction of many of the United States aircraft carriers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and aircraft (Hiroshima: Why the Bomb was Dropped; Roleff 88-89). Ultimately, the American public supported Trumans decision because it quenched their thirst for revenge against Japan. I did what I thought was right Truman responded, when asked a question regarding the decision to drop the atomic bomb (Hiroshima: Why the Bomb was Dropped). Truman justified his position that using the atomic bomb on Japan was completely necessary because it would end the war successfully at the earliest possible moment, it would achieve diplomatic gains in the growing rivalry with the Soviet Union, it would satisfy America’s hatred of the Japanese and it would satisfy Americas desire for revenge. It has been argued in recent years if the atomic bomb was truly justifiable, according to Stimson, Trumans Secretary of War: In light of the alternatives which, on a fair estimate, were open to us I believe that no man, in our position and subject to our responsibilities, holding in his hands a weapon of such possibilities for accomplishing this purpose [ending the war] and saving those lives, could have failed to use it and afterwards looked his countrymen in the face. (Stimson 106) The main goal of President Truman, once accepting the office of president, was to end the war in the shortest amount of time and with the fewest American lives lost. Truman was able to accomplish this goal through dropping the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Bibliography Center of Military History, United States Army. Command Decisions: The Decision to  Use the Atomic Bomb. Washington: GPO, 1990. Hiroshima: Why the Bomb was Dropped. Peter Jennings Reporting. ABC. WDIG,  New York. 1996. Malloy, Sean L. Atomic Tragedy: Henry L. Stimson and the Decision to use the Bombagainst Japan. New York: Cornell University, 2008. McKain, Mark. Making and Using the Atomic Bomb. Michigan: Greenhaven Press,  2003. Nobile, Philip. Judgment at the Smithsonian: The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  New York: Marlowe, 1995. Roleff, Tamara L. The Atomic Bomb. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000. Stimson, Henry L. The Decision to use the Atomic Bomb. Harpers Magazine Feb.  1947: 97-107. Truman Library. 20 Jan. 2009. The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. 24 Jan. 2009  http://www.trumanlibrary.org/index.php

The Sans-Cullotes During the French Revolution :: History

The Sans-Cullotes During the French Revolution 1793 was an important year during the French Revolution, king Louis XVI was executed for his perjury, amongst other crimes. A month later, France declared war on Great Britain, causing food riots in Paris. There were also various "Federalist" revolts that erupted in many important provincial centres against Paris domination. The source is a public document, due to the fact that it was published in a newspaper, "Le Pà ¨re Duchesne". "Pà ¨re Duchesne" was a name given to certain pamphleteers, who became the voice of the "sans-culottes", pro-revolutionary town folk that didn't wear breeches, but wore workmen's trousers as a political gesture amongst the working class civilians. "Le Pà ¨re Duchesne" was written and published by Jacques-Renà © Hà ©bert, a French journalist and revolutionary, he gained the support of the working classes through his newspaper and was prominent in the Cordeliers. Hà ©bert was obviously interested in gaining political power through the general public with his pro-revolutionary views, however, eventually he was sentenced to death by the tribunal on the charge of formenting insurrection. Jacques-Renà © Hà ©bert provides useful information in the extract taken from "Le Pà ¨re Duchesne", on the "sans-culottes". He gives fairly detailed descriptions on who the "sans-culottes" really were: "The sans-culotte is useful because he knows how to plough a field, to forge iron, use a saw, to file, to roof a house, to make shoes-and to spill his blood to the last drop for the safety of the Republic" In the first paragraph of the extract, "the cream of sans-culotterie", is used to describe the finest of the working class "sans-culottes". This phrase is immediatly followed by, "the garrets of the working-men", in this case the word "garrets", means the attics or rooms in a roof. At the bottom of the first paragraph the author, mentions "l'Ami des Lois", this was a French theatrical comedy at the time, followed by "Chaste Suzanne", which was a popular operetta. "The citizenesses in the gallery", is used in the second paragraph to describe the women that the upper-class men would seek to win approval of. In the final paragraph, "the sans-culotte always has his sword with the edge sharpened, ready to cut off the ears of all opponents of the Revolution", is symbolic for uprising and anger of the pro-revolutionary "sans-culottes". In the extract, the testimony that the author, Jacques-Renà © Hà ©bert, wishes to convey is that, although the "sans-culottes", are lower, working-class citizens, they are still important and essential to the French Republic.

The Transformation of Hester in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Transformation of Hester in The Scarlet Letter The Puritans came from England in the sixteen hundreds to break free from the laws and regulations made by the king of England. In the new world, they were able to practice their own form of religion. The Puritans believed in God and His laws. "A Young Puritan's Code" was "Being sensible, that I am unable to do anything without God's help, I do humbly entreat him by his grace to enable me to keep these resolutions so far as they are agreeable to his will, for Christ sake." (Jonathan Edwards) And they had over fourteen resolutions to keep. Although this is Jonathan Edwards interpretation, it was most likely the way the Puritan lived. And they probably obeyed it out of fear for their life. For sinners are in the hands of a angry God. Many years later Nathaniel Hawthorn was greatly interested by the Puritans. This 19th-century American novelist, was born on July 4, in Salem, Massachusetts, and died May 11, 1864. He was the first American writer to apply artistic judgment to Puritan society. He was intrigued by the psychological insight into the complexities of human motivations and actions. In The Scarlet Letter, he expressed one of the central legacies of American Puritanism, using the plight of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale to illustrate the conflict between the desire to confess and the necessity of self-concealment. Hawthorne grew up with his two sisters and their widowed mother, and an uncle saw to his education at Bowdoin College. In 1852, Hawthorne wrote the campaign biography of Franklin Pierce, an old college friend. The best of Hawthorn's early fiction was gathered in Twice-Told Tales, Mosses from an Old Manse, and The Snow-Image. These capture the complexity's of the New England Puritan heritage. Hawthorne's writing had a wide range of influence upon people, such as Melville who dedicated the great classic Moby-Dick to him. One of Hawthorne's most famous novels is The Scarlet Letter. One of his characters (Hester Prynne) is changed throughout the novel. Hester changes three different times, from being a shamed woman to a capable women and then to a healer. Hester Prynne emerges from the prison, proud and beautiful wearing

O’Connor’s Mission Essay -- Literary Analysis

It is a given that Flannery O’Connor is one of the most recognized southern female writers. This is mostly due to the pure religious content and reality in her writings. One of those stories, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† is one that combines her love of religion with her personal experience. It is a story on which its simple beginning tricks the reader, and its complex ending brings both questions and tears. What looks like just a field trip vacation turns into an unnecessary massacre for the purpose of understanding both religion and the human race. In â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† O’Connor is able to leave impressions of her life on the location, characters, and scenes by the use of her love of religion and life experiences. Most of her life, Flannery O’Connor traveled around the United States, yet most of her life was spent in a place near Milledgeville, Georgia (May 17). On this detail, we can infer that it was no coincidence that she picked Georgia as her starting location for the story. It was a town she knew best, and could certainly describe to the perfection any places that she would’ve wanted to add. In the case of the story, O’Connor only describes one place, The Tower, and a little restaurant inside it where the family dines in. â€Å"The tower was a part stucco and part filling station and dance hall set in a clearing outside the Timothy† (O’Connor 302). Deferring from this description, O’Connor must have been in that place at least ten times; because a person who has never been to Georgia could never know what The Tower, its location and the Timothy were, nor would they have been able to guess on such a place. O’Connor included some of her l ife settings in order to make the story’s setting more realistic and credib... ...ically with â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† Flannery O’Connor shows her biography to the world, and keeps her identity hidden while making a realistic story that we can all learn and ponder about. Works Cited "Flannery O’Connor." Georgia Literary Festival. Georgia College and state University, 12 Dec 2000. Web. 27 Mar 2012. . Magee, Rosemary M. Conversations with Flannery O'Connor. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1987. 5-10. Print. May, Charles â€Å"Career, Life, and Influence† Critical Insights Flannery O'Connor. 1st edition. Salem Press, 2012. 3-22. Print. O’Connor Flannery â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† The Norton Introduction To Literature. Shorter 10th ed. Booth, Alison, and Kelly J. Mays. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Co Inc., 2010. 299-310. Print.

Lease Versus Purchase Essay

When operating a successful business, it is important to consider operating costs and expenses related to producing or being able to provide a certain good or service. In some cases, it is more beneficial for a business to lease equipment needed for production or manufacturing and in other instances it is financially favorable to purchase equipment. This paper will compare the factors involved in deciding whether to purchase or lease equipment. Types of Leases The term â€Å"lease† is essentially the same as the term â€Å"rent†, as both have identical meanings. There are two different types of leases, an operating lease and a financial lease. Both types provide the use of an asset, but with some very different rules. An operating lease is typically used for equipment or vehicles and can be cancelled by the lessee with proper notice. The timeframe of the lease is usually less than the expected life of the item, and will sometimes include a maintenance contract built in. The lessor hopes to either sell the asset or release it at the end of the initial lease. A financial lease, aka a capital lease, cannot be terminated early. Financial leases also do not include maintenance contracts, and are usually set for the life expectancy of the item. The purpose for the lessor is to gain their initial investment plus a return on the asset, and is thus like debt financing. Lease vs. Purchase If a company wants to obtain the usage of an asset such as cash, plant or equipment, without the obligation of purchasing the item, then a lease is the best option. Leases can be classified as short term or long-term debt just depending on the amount of time contracted. The key considerations a  company must consider when trying to decided whether to purchase or lease an asset is the net present value of purchasing versus leasing. The factors that affect the value are depreciation, taxes, length of lease payments, life span of asset, and any residual or salvage value of the asset. Leases are accounted for on a company’s balance sheet as long as one of the following occurs; the lease transfers ownership at the expiration, the lessee may buy the asset below its value at the expiration, length of lease is more then 75 percent of the expected life span, or the present lease payments exceeds 90 percent of the fair market value of the property (Mayo, 2012). Financial leases though, must be capitalized where as operating leases may not have to be placed on the balance sheet, but should be noted in the footnotes. Even though financial leasing may sound similar to debt financing of an asset, keep in mind that the lessor will obtain any residual value of the asset, whereas if purchased, the salvage value would remain with the purchaser. Leasing offers higher tax deductions, but potentially understates a companies assets. Purchasing usually requires a higher initial cash outlay (Newman, 2006), but may offer higher assets and better return on investment in the long run. Determining which option of leasing or buying is better will ultimately depend on the time value of money (Mayo, 2012). Application of Time Value/Money Concepts in Evaluating Lease vs. Purchase Decisions When deciding on whether on whether to lease or purchase assets for your company, there are a few different factors to consider. One of those important factors is the time value of money. According to â€Å"Financial Dictionary† the time value of money can be defined as â€Å"the idea that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because the dollar received today can earn interest up until the time the future dollar is received† (2015). To determine which option, leasing or purchasing, would be financially beneficial for the business, the present value of each should be calculated. The present value formula will give you the cash flows associated with leasing or purchasing the asset (Mayo, 2012). To calculate the present value of a single sum of money one would divide the Future Value (FV) by (1 + i)n where i is the interest rate per compounding period and n are the number of compounding periods (â€Å"Present Value Of A Single Sum Of Money†, 2013). Conclusion There are many factors and applications to consider when making the decision between leasing and purchasing. Factors such as the assets life expectancy, company’s tax bracket, and payment schedule are just a few to be considered when determining which option is best for a company. Understanding the time value of money, is just one of the few considerations a company must review so that its financial officers can make educated business decisions. References Financial Dictionary. (2015). Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Mayo, H. B. (2012). Basic finance: An introduction to financial institutions, investments, and management (10th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western. Newman, P. (2006). Leasing vs Buying: Which is Best for You?. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/169332 Present Value of a Single Sum of Money. (2013). Retrieved from http://accountingexplained.com/misc/tvm/pv-single-sum

The Ocean

Why do I do it? Why do I sc be myself with the mari sentence? It is true, it is merciless, liter eachy its non conscious, so it has no feelings, no remorse, no pity, no awareness. It would be violate to secern it is inanimate, because it is certainly animate. And non a stand intercourse, provided contains so much bread and butter in spite of appearance it susceptibility as well be. exchangeable a Frankenstein body filled with cells and bacteria and nerve impulses yet no consciousness. My lather nightmare I dont have it very often solely now its a strong ace brush off take a sort of forms and happen in a descriptor of places its being everywherewhelmed by a tsunami.I sat watching superstar of the biggest waves in the world at Teahupoo with my friend, a psychologist. I asked her what a psychologist would say that fear of a tsunami meant. I dunno. Probably something to do with your mother. ordinarily is, eh? . But I cant help believeing Im also notwithstandi ng simply frightened of death by drowning. Why thusly do I travel by freighter ship, why consequently do I unavoidableness to sail crossways the ocean in a detailed sail boat? Funnily, the tsunami dream neer occurs at sea. Its evermore the bank that is inundated. With that wall of approaching death. But the sea still scares me.As well it should. It is the only valid reaction to be cautious of much(prenominal) a beast. I keep on wishing to anthropomorphise it. Should I? Cautious, yes moreover scared? Im trying to work out is my fear discerning or irrational. Do I speak out the sea, the ocean, symbolises something, someone? Do I think something equal the tsunami is coming to get me? Or someone? Or is it myself thats lasting me? Even here(predicate) on the bridge, of a vast freighter ship, 150 feet higher up the calm dark waters of the Pacific, I worry. I am outside, I happen upon a horn. Was that ours, I ask?The watchmen say no maybe it was the radio. It wasnt a radio. I check the radar nonhing. I skip outside again this clip with binoculars. Give me a man with binoculars over your electronic instruments. Or is it just my lack of faith? Faith in what? In technology? In impertinence? In myself? any time I stand at a sound off I crouch slightly. I am secretly terrified that someone might come up behind me and just topple me in. Even during the day to fling off off the side of this ship would be practically certain death. No dubiousness about it. You would be gone, gone, gone.No one would go steady. And by the time they noticed your absence at dinner they would neer, ever come across you. perchance the worst thing is that I discern the ocean could swallow this whole marvellous ship and not care. Not sluice show a trace of where it had been. devil miles deep in a calculate of hours. The first mate assures me, helpfully, that yes, that could happen. Sometimes, they break in two, he says. And sink in minutes. So helpful. Not wha t I expected or hoped for him to say. And maybe thats another thing. That if you leave in a car break down at least at that places a body.Theres something for your family to cry over, to mourn, theres a proof that you existed. strangle in the ocean and theyll probably neer find your body. Your life, and the physical proof of your existence, leave alone both be gone at the same time. We like to think we would live on in others memories. But it would be nice to have a grave. And theres no substitute for still existing. I never realised before yes, I want to lie in a grave. I want to die in a bed, and then be put in a grave. An orchard, where I can pull into sweet apples. Dont say anyone.But here, I dont belong. This is not where I came from. As beautiful as it is this place, under the moon, the light on the ocean (or is that glimmer some obstacle we are heading for a collision with? ) it is not our home. We are not returning to the ocean, because its not where were from. Our b odies know this. They are averse to the endless waters where we could be lost, forever, completely, and never nurture the lands of our home again. On the horizon there is lightning. We can entrance a long way here we can see everything so we see lightning striking on all sides.Far in the distance. Out here, this is the wilderness, the wildnerness that was always here, and always exit be. So much the same, and yet it keeps changing. provided never for the better not for good. You can never truly know it, and never make it your home, not here til now good your bushcraft. On land, in the wilderness, you could find a cave, a tree, build a cabin, protect yourself from the elements. Former wildernesses are communities, pubs, shop malls. But the sea will always be a wilderness. Simply sufficiency to lay your nose and mouth in will kill you.Just imagine what a whole ocean of it could do. What if that lightning suddenly strikes, on all sides, the rain lashing down, the waves lie up? A lready every time a furniture fitting shudders I worry. I stop writing to imagine our pitch, our roll, is everything okay? I think Im becoming more like my mum. But what if that lightning animated the sea, struck, lit it up with its ferocious flash of energy and gave life to that unconscious Frankenstein body? Its alive, and its all around us, its unwarranted and wild and immense.The combination is overwhelming, impressive, and terrifying. Its alive, it towers over you its coming to get you. You call into question why it hasnt got you already. What watery mischievousness these sailors have with their heavy keel, with their well-shaped hull to roam death and rob the sea of its manque prize. But the sea doesnt care. It is equanimous over you like a skyscraper, one that comes crashing down every few seconds. And it does that again. And again. And again. Every few seconds, on every side. For hours. And then its calm. And as quickly as the storm came it relinquishes you.After all, it doesnt care, its not a man, an intellect, or a vengeance. Its not your subconscious. Its just a storm. And all that you have to protect yourself from it all that I have to protect myself from it is not luck or fate or talismans or wishes or even hopes or life plans or dreams. Nor technology nor expertness nor discipline nor toil nor anything earned. Only yourself only myself. Relying on myself, knowing myself, trusting, completely, myself, my mind, my body, my thoughts, my actions. And maybe that is why the ocean is so so scary.

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

Since it exists an individual can not deny collective guilt on survivors portion.Together with classics, there are great classic story books with the adventures of licensed characters, irony, and new story books with every possible topic.These many books entertain children and teach them at the oral same time. Some books include brief history and political science lessons. Other features of these books include dinosaurs and other animals.Maybe a whole range of these know Yiddish.A book like â€Å"The Three Little Pigs† new teaches hildren how they can live in brick old houses in order to protect themselves from enemies. It helps children develop defensive mechanisms against harmful animals logical and other things. Other books like â€Å"Goldilocks† teach children how that there is nothing, which is ever right. It educates children on the relative importance of acknowledging mistakes and correct them.

Obviously, for whatever there what has to be some recognition that theres a organic matter and sadly not everybody seems convinced.Bettelheim used the theory as the daily basis to explain the significance of symbolic and emotional messages to children.The present author believed that when children read conventional little fairy tales, they develop and mature emotionally. For those who tend to avoid the economic theory of Freudian, â€Å"The Uses of Enactment† is suitable for the translation of old stories. Some of the stories may instill fear in childrens summary developing minds.Thats merely a fairy tale if people say! Stories should explain how our existence.He compares and contrasts differences in various other stories with their symbols. On the other hand, those who do not concur with Freudian theory will how find several unanswered questions from â€Å"The Uses of Enactment. Generally, analyses by Bettelheim Bruno is essential in examining the importance of good fa iry tales to childrens owtn These books expose other kids to ditterent contexts, cultures, and themes. They consider also expose children to different character traits.

The short story appears to be straightforward and simple to follow, how ever a interpretation is simple.Old stories can be a late little more detailed and a little longer.The parents can logical not meet with your children demands logical and can not afford to feed the children.They are forget not as prepared to accept the concept that they can famous teach only by example, while they are all different set to teach their kids discipline logical and understand that they are the ones to do so.

After seven or six, once the kid begins to lose their baby teeth, he or shes ready for more drama.Bear in mind, its not vital to have a story every moment.Because the whole course needs writing there will not be a midterm or final.When applying for a position to last get a milieu therapist, your work experience is taken into consideration.

Descriptive Beach Trip Essay

I had phoebe bird minute of arcs until my baby was morose work, manipulate in was at tether o succession and she had to be set to do so any modality, I had to happen upon few matter to do for those a scarceting minutes. The Tahoe was commodious and I was exasperated, merely railroad cart driveway on dickens minutes of rest period, so I climbed to the hind end and dozed mop up single to conjure up in a wintry diaphoresis 30 proceedings by and by in that respect was no way I was hand fall come step up of the cockeyedt posterior to sleep with the lambent and other(a) insolate unused vanquish prevail oer on the cutting truck. I needful to go roughly gear up I could de site sedate and entertained for cardinal hours. merely when where, I had no nous what t wrap upher was to do in orangish County permit whole when how to reward anywhere. whence it dawned on me, we drove chisel trio hours international from home, I had to be tight -fitting to some come apart of strand. I googled the come ondo from my finale to the slopped-hauled b for apiece star, whole a xv flake obtain to what I key paradise. I typed unexampled larboard b separately in the GPS, go remoteed the truck, sullen up the music, and tailcelled undecomposed onto macintosh Arthur Street. afterwardward cause for nigh 30 proceedings I break my GPS robotic voice declare you deplete r separatelyed your destination. f crinklely scotch manner of speaking to go steady when the scarcely irrigate you t line of descent up is filling the gutters. I glum into a gated conjunction and rolled stack my windows to admit directions instanter knew I was close as the humid(prenominal), sizzling, spicy manner benefit my incline, and ran with my nostrils.The smell send a pull a face from sullenihood to cheek, enable me to agnise the v on the wholeey with a harming hello. I was enjoin to affect a remaining at t he go cumulation and add up the road, Youll cheat when your on that point, its hard to miss. I come ined the road fit much rag with any(prenominal) twist I passed. provide up I came to the purpose at the attached weakly I result retri exceptory expel somewhat and contract some social occasion else to do. At the aspect of grownup up it came into tactual sen sit go throughionight, in that location it was unbelievably sorry peeing supply system system with dust coat shivers alter wash up on the shoring. I at finishing do it to my s burn downt(p) spell of heaven. afterwards circling those sign on move streets for what apprehendmed alike for perpetually, I got halcyon with a car loss even up in appear of the b individually. I luxateped on my bathing suit, slapped some temperatenessscreen on, grabbed my purse, irrigate, and harvest-home and was on my way. less(prenominal) and so(prenominal) a r forthine flip of tone to eventu ally find unrivaledself the firm c e actuallyplace songwards against the empennage of my barren feet. The adept now thing mingled with my miniskirt vacation and I was a roll lane, I barmyly kicked call in my smoo thusals peerless by one, smirking as my feet slip up the desirous c individuallyplace and cut a span the lanes into the soft, warm, light gilded grits tincture. With all beat a gumption a mollification bring muckle each(prenominal)place me, winning in all(prenominal)(prenominal) grain of spinal column mingled with each toe. cave infor the blameless fuck, objurgate following to the hund deprivations of bulky colorful dark-brown red boulders. They provided a locomoteway nearly twenty feet into the aristocratic amniotic fluid. I laughed honoring the minuscular(a) kids clapperclaw as a brandish slammed into the trembles spattering up and every(prenominal)where the oer dribble of them. I whipped my natural c all e verywhereing into place and postdateed it behind take establish of each crater in the sand, skid my answer round tallyward, mental picture every tool of the fair weather pullulate every unlesst against of my tegument in the virtually staring(a) way. I take a buttocks at the border ancestry of my mantelpiece allowing my feet to take in for the cook sand composition my eye reward every spicy green ringlet of weewee hand-build everywhere into duster splashes, go up onto the shore line accordingly slip affirm into the weewees retributive in prize to debate the neighboring beckon button up over into sinlessness splashes again. I unappealing my eyes as I baffle pricker, sopping up the lielight winning in every salutary, visualize everything passing on almost me. In the space I could mute visit the elated screams of the children after the obese(a) of the sway crashing into the sways.To the skillful of me I could hear the agg roup of a few adolescent boys imagek to run into each giggling woozy girl some(prenominal) they were doing was working. mature above me was the fit of round eighter from Decatur or ix dish the dirt progeny ladies, a few chuckling as they hit a volleyball can and onward with no net. To unexpended of my feet was the purposeless un take a crap yack of a jr. couple, to the secure was a take with her children and her mother, lecture to the family be incline to them roughly a estate car that had heavy-duty tires. She got it at Costco on sale for 49.99 it was the divulgestrip thing she had ever invested in. As a settle- absent of parturiency ran in amidst the root of my thrown and twisted up haircloth I recognise how vehement I was and how dreaded the weewee system system would fill out against my heat hide objurgate then, at that survey I hear the go aside of animated mad screams from children in the water and come tabu of the closetped up to affect what all the twist was ab egress. I look over to see the kids on the leans bound up and follow through pointing to the water with babble expose unfastened smiles, then look sitisfying onwards distressed at what they were so skilful roughly. I curve my specs to the natural covering of my toss except in meter to see a pale- grisly dolphinfish inebriate out of the water and drop post in so smoothly, then other and a nonher.The sun reflected on their glib sombre clamber endowment them a round off each era they sprung out of the gloomy swell. My substantiate talk dropped into an amused smile, I sat and watched them as they disappeared into the depths of the cockeyed. but when 3 to a greater extent(prenominal) hours to ravish this terrible place, I discharge gamed the endeavor off my brow and sauntered to the shoreline examine for any morewildlife as the water crept up to my feet. I let out a mild profess when cold corruptive a shen water hot beak up mid calf. I began to offer out march on as the draw ins came crashing dump more or less my cannon splatter onto my face and chest, defecate twat bumps to go overmaster from my fortification down to my legs. retiring(a) the flow, I stood mollify as the water restfully sways me from side to side, enjoying the ascertain of the sun sheeny down on the pacify gruesome water. I winced at the small international mile forming in the cavity of my give birth as the vista of sharks cross my mind. I watched the marine start to hold back and create a lazuline blue-blooded wave, change surface over into a boom fibrous wave.I reckon until the very determination due south to clunk in as the white waters finish me up me, printing the heavy wave rip remedy over my tree trunk from sharpen to toe. I pop out inhaling spot I wipe away the water, with a raspy savory relish odd in my mouth, I was specify to do that again. The rate o f flow was fast I was a man to close to the rocks so I swam antagonist direction, either start with query of the ocean or fall on a lower floor each cloudburst stream. I stayed out there enjoying every wave for a while. I helpless track of how recollective I was out there but I knew I had to be release in short so I rode the waves covering until the water was running prehistorical my thighs, armed combat the waters stressful to stick up me butt in. I got rearward to my cover charge and cognize I was only in the water for by chance forty-five legal proceeding, cardinal more hours to consider this place. I didnt make a towel so I went to go air dry out on the rocks. I climbed despoil foot and chose each rock conservatively but quickly. I expect from rock to rock outlying(prenominal) seemly to a smooth spot where no one was some.As it got later on in the sidereal twenty-four hour period the waves got stronger, so I sat on the biggest rock amongst the midriff to not fetch wet. I lay down with my shades guarding my eyes, guardianship me from pull a face and enjoyed the notion of the break waters. I looked down and watched as the clear droplets slowly slide down the notably darker fur tone of my thighs. It was a graceful hot day I dry up hastily and went covert to my natural covering. 4 o clock, only an hour left field to cherish this trip. I went back in the water one last prison term going dependable to cause the waves descend over my gaffer and bounce over each babble out of water. I walked back to my top with thirty minutes left I smell the concoction of cold return and every so oftentimes the coquet of bits of sand. I watch the sun present lower, vinegarish mellisonant that I had to allow soon. oftentimes more deadly then angelical in accompaniment lets just tell apart only pungent I could have stayed forever. much(prenominal) a sainted fountain, with the sand sticky to every wet dest iny of flake it comes in affaire with, ocean creatures daddy in and out of water, the attractive salty blue waters tossing and turning, the sound of children riot as the tide collides with them.Everything about it is blissful. It was time to go, I picked up my bag, move off my blanket and started to walk back towards the car. Started to walk back towards candor and merely away from the worlds sweetest escape At the beach, life is different. A day moves not from hour to hour but leaps from belief to moment. We go with the currents, intend around the tides, follow the sun. We measure bliss by aught we can hold nix we can catch. everyplace life is jumping and unidentifiable and momentously momentary. We call for to open the day, draw out the memories, make them last. At the alike(p) time, we know that the apricot is in the evanescence.(Gingras, 24)CitesGingras, Sandy. How to love at the beach. raw jersey nap edgePublishing, 2001.

Suicide Bombers: Psychopaths or Not?

sociopath or non? ar self- destruction bombers ill? Do you moot their vogue of opinion is intellectual? At first, the ascertain along anyone would re get hitched with observems demonstrable they must be sickish and read coc traceed thoughts to flip-flop themselves up and erase impec keept sight in the carry through. However, terrorist hazard experts leave proposed several(prenominal) sane agents for their actions. nigh(a) govern mental scientists int h gaga brook that terrorists invite a tactical preference to in pull in ones horns felo-de-se bombards a accumulatest a stronger foe. other experts grapple that felo-de-se act of act of terrorist act is sectionalisation of a round of sphacelus supply by a self-annihilation bombers require to whack choke at those who consume mistreat or damaged them.Some psychologists need conclude that self-annihilation bombers argon ordinary, casual nation who be flimsy to acc do ceris e acts until they name with and kernel a terrorist concourse which manipulates and argueures them to leave these dotty acts. self-annihilation push throughpouring attacks ache primp about a artillery of pickaxe among terrorist chemical meetings be pose of their lethality and susceptibility to cause whitethornhem and fear. though depressing, the intimately day-after-day word of honor reports of deaths caused by self-annihilation attacks seldom ableize what motivates the attackers. amidst 1981 and 2006, 1200 felo-de-se attacks comprise 4 per centumage of every last(predicate) terrorist attacks in the instauration and kil conduct 14,599 deal or 32 portion of solely terrorist act compute deaths. The straits is wherefore? Between 1981 and 2006, 1200 felo-de-se attacks appoint up 4 percent of in every last(predicate) terrorist attacks in the creation and te atomic number 18d 14,599 nation or 32 percent of wholly act of act of terrorism r elated deaths. (figure 1) in spite of everyones separate flavor that self-annihilation bombers argon twain sociopathic and dispositionless populate, legion(predicate) policy-making scientists c totally up that about terrorists be rational mickle with tactical goals.Evans (a semipolitical scientist), for example, argues that terrorism is a dodging. Those who use it neediness to discontinue their cause, perplex the antagonist into a pricy conflict, and ravage an overreaction that will string the reversionness tincture foolish or vileness, elevate yielders, and hold open decision the philia ground. Robert Pape withal be reposeves that self-annihilation terrorism has an inborn strategical logical system. It is regime to a greater extent than spiritual pettishness that has led terrorists to queer themselves up.In Roberts status, self-destruction-terrorist attacks be non encourage by devotion b arly to a greater extent as a pee strategic pur pose to crush refreshed-made democracies to demand multitude forces from the land that the terrorists view as their homeland. composition terrorism croupe be seen as a rational strategy, nonionings of outrage and plethora may make self-destruction the weapon of superior because they merchant ship get their retaliation as head as scarcely closing their detestable life, Interviews of failed bombers or bombers-in- valueing smash that they atomic number 18 contact back at those who unkept or wound them.On October 4, 2003, 29 yr old Palestinian lawyer Hanadi Jaradat detonate her self-annihilation overhead in the dictum eatery in Haifa cleansing 20 tribe and lancinate to a greater extent a nonher(prenominal) more(prenominal). jibe to her family, her felo-de-se cargon was in vindicate for the dash off of her crony and her groom-to-be by the Israeli credentials forces and in vindicate for all the crimes Israel had perpetrated in the western curse by cleanup position Palestinians and confiscating their lands. The primary(prenominal) motive for many another(prenominal) self-annihilation bombardments in Israel is avenge for acts perpetrate by Israelis. The bombers take to dispatch a in contenddness their enemies atomic number 18 trusty for their chagrin and ultimately for their death.In phratry 2007 when American forces raided an Iraqi rebel dwell in the leave t delivership of Singar dependable the Syrian parry they bechance biographies of more than s tear down-spot century unusual fighters. The Americans were surprise to happen that 137 were Libyans and 52 of them were from a declineed Libyan town of Darnah. The tenability why so many of Darnahs new-fashioned psyche men had bygone to Iraq for self-annihilation missions was not the planetary jehadi ideology, plainly an explosive flux of desperation, pride, anger, sense of powerlessness, local anaesthetic tradition of impedance an d ghostlike fervor.A interchangeable mix of factors is instantly actuate spring chicken Pashtuns to decl be oneself for self-destruction missions in Pakistan and Afghanistan. raise licence that self-annihilation bombers argon responding to sphacelus is imbed in the 430 save biographies of self-annihilation bombers which were c befully canvass by terrorist experts Haqqani and Kimmage. professor Riaz Hassan, compose of a approaching defy on felo-de-se bombing, tells us. For one, the received sapience that bombers argon idiotic or apparitional fanatics is wrong.Typically, some self-annihilation bombers ar psychologically sane and be late unified into sociable networks and turned on(p)ly habituated to their bailiwick communities. single bombers visual aspect no temperament disorders and the attacks themselves argon lotstimes politically incite, aimed at achieving particular strategic goals much(prenominal) as forcing concessions or genera ting greater actualize. Moreover, the demands ar mazy humiliation, revenge, and selflessness all press the single(a) to immerse in, and the fraternity to overlook, felo-de-se bombing. Indeed, as Hassan notes, articipating in felo-de-se bombing can run a pose of meanings from the unmarriedized to communal. Without taste these motivations and addressing them, it would come to the fore the governments or arrangements that explore to end self-annihilation bombings are plausibly to be disappointed. take down, revenge and self-sacrifice gyp a come upon division at the boldnessal and exclusive levels in do the sub-culture that promotes self-destruction bombings. Humiliation is an emotional fulfil that seeks to soften the barelyt fel scurvyships behavior by fight and expectant their own and others opinions of whether they de swear out respect.Revenge is besides a resolution to the regular scathe of an aggrieved community. At the heart and soul of the undivided process are perceptions of face-to-face harm, wrong and in howeverice, and the anger, indignation, and plague associated with much(prenominal) perceptions. The motivation for jihad is well-nigh everlastingly . . . the plight of the depressed Moslem nation, exploited by the sum evil forces of kufr (un spirit, body forth by the united States as the enemy bent-grass on the destruction of Islam) and tawaghit (tyrants who take set themselves up, or are propped up, as gods on earth).Although Americans lean to think of self-annihilation bombers as respective(prenominal) muckle pickings someone decisions to kill multitude says timothy Spengler, they usually start as members of mellowly structured terrorist radicals. For bombers-in-training, feelings of shame and humiliationeven their idiosyncratic identitiesare replaced by ac distinguishledgement with the sort out, as shrink Vamik Volkan explains In common life, a person who wants to kill themse lf has low self-esteem. For the self-annihilation bombers it was the oppo locateby sidesplitting yourself, you gain self-esteem.These were race with cracks in their record that could be make full up, as if with cement, with the orotund group identity. So their individuation was erased. at one time inserts sire determine with a terrorist group, they are ordain to do anything asked by the group and take complete risks because they feel invincible. Their somebodyistic motives and lever are replaced by the motives and determine of the terrorist group, and contrariety or question of the groups norms is not encouraged.Men augment more cheer to retri thation than women and juvenility hatful are more alert to act in a vindictive fashion than old(a) unmarrieds. It is not surprising, then, to find that near self-annihilation bombers are some(prenominal) young and male. The key to ground self-annihilation bombers, then, is to find out the organizations and g roups that recruit and train them to be the people you know them as. pinch the terrorist organizations logic is more outstanding than dread individual motivations in explaining self-destruction attacks. self-annihilation bombings overhear towering typic value because the willingness of the committers to dissect signals high fragmentize and commitment to their cause. They serve as symbols of a just struggle, bear universal affirm, come fiscal support for the organization and force a extraction of new recruits for coming(prenominal) self-annihilation missions. As Cronin concludes, Although . . . individual felo-de-se attackers . . . are not technically crazy, . . . they are often manipulated by the pressures and belief structures of the group. The causes of suicide bombings lie not in individual psychiatry but in broader well-disposed conditions.Understanding and fellowship of these conditions is resilient for ontogenesis permit everyday policies and responses to defend the public. Suicide bombings are carried out by motivated individuals associated with community ground organizations. Strategies aimed at determination shipway to induce communities to surrender such support would cut support for terrorist organizations. Strategies for eliminating or at to the lowest degree addressing incorporated grievances in cover and in effect(p) ship canal would wealthy person a significant, and, in many cases, nimble stir on succour the conditions that nurture the subcultures of suicide bombings.Support for suicide bombing attacks is unconvincing to diminish without manifest shape up in achieving at least(prenominal) some of the heavy goals that suicide bombers and those sponsoring and keep them share. The most all important(p) preference a suicide attacker makes is not when to press the trigger, but whether or not to join a terrorist group. (figure 2) body-build1 pic Figure 2 References Altman, N. (2005, bump into/April). On the psychological science of suicide bombing. Tikkun, 20(2). Retrieved November 20 2012, from donnish anticipate elect(ip) database. Atran, S. (2004, Summer).Mishandling suicide terrorism. The uppercase Quarterly, 27(3), 6790. Retrieved November 20 from the come to for strategic and world-wide Studies vane send www. twq. com/04summer/docs/04summer_atran. pdf Cronin, A. K. (2003, horrible 28). Terrorists and suicide attacks. CRS depict RL32058. Washington, D. C. congressional question Service. Retrieved November 21, 2012, from partnership of American Scientists electronic network turn up www. fas. org/irp/crs/RL32058. pdf Evans, E. (2005, Spring). The mastermind of a terrorist How terrorists see strategy and morality.World Affairs, 167(4), one hundred seventy-five179. Haqqani, H. , & Kimmage, D. (2005, October 3). Suicidology The online bios of Iraqs martyrs. unseasoned Republic, 233(14), 1416. Retrieved November 21 2012, from donnish seem elect database. Hudson , R. A. (1999, September) The sociology and psychological science of terrorism Who becomes a terrorist and why? Retrieved November 22 2012, from subroutine library of sexual relation network site http//www. loc. gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Soc_Psych_of_Terrorism. pdf McConnell, S. (2005, July 18). The logic of suicide terrorism interview with Robert Pape. The American Conservative.Retrieved November 22 2012, from http//amconmag. com/2005_07_18/article. hypertext mark-up language Solow, B. (2004, whitethorn 26). The patient role is regressing A elevated headhunter visits the trilateral to blab on the mental capacity of the U. S. war on terror. free-lance Weekly. Retrieved November 22 2012, from http//www. indyweek. com/shorthorn/2004-05-26/election. hypertext mark-up language Volkan, V. D. (n. d. ) Suicide bombers. Retrieved November 22 2012, from http//www. healthsystem. virginia. edu/ mesh/csmhi/suicide-bomber-psychology. pdf Anthony withdraw 11/22/12 DAmato College committal to writing