Public Relation Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relation Crisis - Essay ExampleThis discussion will critically analyze the ii cases chosen for depicting the PR crisis and how PR crisis impacts the overall reputation of the firm. The analysis will be make on the basis of how the companies were impacted due to the PR crisis. As the essay stresses that Public Relation is delimitate as the process of managing and controlling the inflow and outflow of information amid an presidential term, an individual and the public. It is basically an set about by which organizations try to gain exposure to their target addressees by employing topics of public interest and spreading many zesty news. The primary rationale behind practising public sexual congress is to convince the investors, employees, partners, customers, and stakeholders about the companys products, political decision and leadership activities. Some of the evident ways by which the practise of public comparison can be portrayed are winning industry awards, working c losely with the press, speaking at equateing or conference, and employee communication. In the present business sector environment, importance of public carnal knowledge has been like never before. Public relation is now treated as one of the most alert management disciplines. This motif explores that a crisis generally descends without any warning. It does not as yet give time to take any gentle of precautionary measures. A crisis suddenly expands hysterically expiration hardly any chances for an immediate recovery. Moreover it disrupts the business transactions and at times intimidates the survival of an organization. ... In the present business environment, importance of public relation has been like never before. Public relation is now treated as one of the most vital management disciplines. Moreover, if properly practised public relation can play a crucial persona in maintaining a sound relationship with the internal and external stakeholders of the company. The suppor t is also important to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. In general public relation is a mere communication activity, that put emphasis on the two way communication process. Therefore it is way by which a mutual understanding between the organization, its stakeholders and the customers is established (Kitchen, 1997, p.8). Public Relation Crisis A Brief Overview A crisis generally descends without any warning. It does not even give time to take any kind of precautionary measures. A crisis suddenly expands hysterically leaving hardly any chances for an immediate recovery. Moreover it disrupts the business transactions and at times intimidates the survival of an organization (Fearn-Banks, 2010, p.2). Some of the example of PR crisis includes Johnson & Johnsons cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules, PepsiCos can tamper rumours, Texacos racial discrimination lawsuit, Odwalla Foods apple juice E-Coli outbreak, Cadburys worm infested candy bars, JetBlues week-long operational br eakdown and The Red Cross rogue tweet among many others. Public relation crisis is some time referred to as the communication crisis from the organizational context of view. However it is also important to shoot down the issue effectively. It can be done by adopting sound crisis management techniques. Some of the ways by which the challenge can be faced are

Assess the relationship between American security policy and American Essay

Assess the relationship between American security policy and American worldwide economic policy during the moth-eaten war - raise ExampleThe nuclear arms race was primarily focused on the two world superpowers at the time the linked States and the Soviet Union. Both countries, being at odds in terms of governmental and economic structures, were trying to prove the worth of democracy (in the US) and of communism (in the USSR) and this was the central point in the Cold War. Given the international power of twain countries in terms of military might and global alliances, both the Soviet Union and the United States lived in constant fear of the other and subsequently both nations became touch on in the so-called arms race to obtain as many nuclear bombs as possible. This was a deterrent t goic on the part of both countries whereby it became clear that if either were to strike in an act of war, the other would retaliate to the fullest extent and cause maximum damage. Ironically it was the huge stores of nuclear bombs that were meant to keep the United States and the Soviet Union from attacking one another and turning the Cold War into a real war.Ano Another security policy employed in the United States during the Cold War was networking (Sumi and Salla 103). The main impersonal of the American government at this time was the containment of communism around the world, and to stop the spread of an ideology it viewed as fundamentally flawed and dangerous, the US did its best to form alliances or simply maintain friendly relationships with those countries that were in close proximity to the Soviet Union. For the most part, this meant the close observation of western European nations and in limited a high interest in the economic status of both West and tocopherol Germany. Since institution War II Germany was a divided nation, with the West side adopting capitalism and democracy while the East confronted communist. Like the Korean and Vietnam wars, the strug gles of West and East Germany became a physical battlefield for the ideals of a Cold War between two nations that would never formally take action (Ball and Arnold 132). The goal of the United States being to remain a safe country while simultaneously oppressing communism meant that international networking was divulge, and this is why security policies and international economic policies were connected so closely during the Cold War. The major influence of the United States over key western European nations came because of the War in the aftermath of World War II a colossal deal of infrastructure and structural damage had been done to countries like the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Norway and Sweden, and with the conception of the Marshall political platform the US had figured out how to use international foreign economic policy to its direct advantage over the Soviets (Bonds 180). The Marshall Plan, otherwise known as the European Recovery Plan, channeled funds to ailing e conomies who promised to endure capitalism and democracy in return. For the most part these countries were already pro-democracy and had no interest in

Death Penalty Should be Banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Death Penalty Should be Banned - Essay ExampleIt aims at deterring others from committing comparable wickednesss. Death penalty has been in existence for a long time and it is surprising that such a barbaric and inhumane act is still enduring in the apparently civilized world we give intercourse in today. This paper discusses why final stage penalty should be banned and whether it has been successful in reduce the rates of crimes that it is meant to deter. Since life is extremely valuable, no crime is significant enough to demand a take and lawful murder of any individual. Death penalty should thus be banned and all laws that allow for it should be exterminated. Several studies have proved that end penalty is unsuccessful in reducing crime rates. The main goal of capital punishment is to set an example for prospective criminals and to instill the fear that they exit meet the same end for their crimes. Capital punishment thus aims at deterring any future crimes. However, it seems to have failed in achieving its objectives. According to statistics published by the Death Penalty Information Center, murder rates in death penalty states are higher than in non-death penalty states. The murder rate in death penalty states in 1990 was 9.5 while it was 9.16 in the non-death penalty states. By 2009, the murder rates in death penalty states came down to 5.26 and to 3.90 in non-death penalty states.

The Contribution of Theodore Roosevelt to the issue of conservation Essay

The Contribution of Theodore Roosevelt to the issue of conservation - Essay Examplement and and so put the set aside conservation area under entertainion in secern to protect and conserve the different species that were there of nature (Brinkley 56).As a result of the love he had for the surround and its conservation, he not only set aside land and ensured the protection of the species but alike create some of the farmlands in the Westside of America that were near natural resources in a bid to also protect them for not only the then current generation but also the future ones. The fruits of his breathed work in conservation are still being experienced up to date.In order to ensure that his conservation legacy stays for long, he put his environmental conservation ideas and wishes to writing. These included so far conservation of the soil, water, forests and even the areas of recreation. He used his presidential influence to build up other environmental conservatives and conser vation groups and hence became a role model. The next presidents after him also became challenged and hence bid to hold his legacy. This included even Presidents Carter and

Influence of Culture on Safety and project performance Dissertation

Influence of husbandry on Safety and project performance - Dissertation shellAim and objectives 8 5.1 Aim of the study 8 5.2 Objectives 8 6.Literature review 10 7.1Organisational Culture 11 7.2 Types of finales 12 7.2.1 Classify organizational Culture 12 7.2.2 Four Organizational Culture Types 13 7.2Organisational Culture in Construction Industry 14 7.3Organisational Culture and Project writ of execution 15 7.4Organisational Culture, Safety, and Project Performance 16 7.5 Construction assiduity growth of Saudi-Arabian Arabia 17 7.5Safety in Construction Industry of Saudi Arabia 18 7.Conceptual Framework 19 look into methodology 20 9.1 Research philosophy 20 9.2 Research strategy and method 22 9.3 Research techniques 23 thickset and way forward 24 Summary 24 Way forward 24 References 25 1. Introduction There have been on-going debates on the health and safety issues in different organisations and industries, more specifically, in the construction labor. According to Rowlins on and Lingard (2005), it is important to acknowledge that construction industry is facing many challenges in the globalisation era because of the health and safety issues. Generally, it is believed that organisational philosophy is unrivalled of the issues, which influence the performance of the building industry. The organisational glossiness is the set of shared values and beliefs that concourse of organisation follow, and is reflected by their behaviour, attitude, and reaction with each other and with organisations stakeholders. ... The study also seeks to explore the impact of culture and safety, on project performance. The study remains based on the building industry located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current health and safety policies being adopted by construction industry in Saudi Arabia, the accidental rates in construction sites, and the factors that influence implementation of safety culture in construction companies will also be examined. The research would b e helpful in determine the degree to which culture influences safety and performance of the project. 2. Background Organisational culture is simply the collective shared values, attitudes, and behaviours of people working in the organisation. It reflects by every action of an organisation how an organisation takes decision, treats its employees, and conducts its business. Additionally, it considers various aspects of employee such as how they behave with stakeholders of the company. Organisational cultures influence every part of the business including organisations environment, its product and services, safety and health of the environment (Coffey, 2010). The construction industry of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest and fast growing markets it was valued at $36.5 jillion in 2011, and is expected to reach $43.8 billion by 2013 (Zawya, 2012). Therefore, to ensure that the targeted growth in the construction industry is realized, an understanding of the influence of culture on safe ty and project performance is essential. According to the U.S.-Saudi Arabian condescension Council, the construction industry in Saudi Arabia has potential growth in future. More demands in residential and commercial construction

Pollution Monitoring and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Pollution Monitoring and Control - Essay Example on that point ar sundry(a) sources of fresh irrigate across the world, however these resources be in danger of being exploited and mismanaged not wholly due to charitable error, but also be intellect of ecological degradation. The primary sources of befoulment in freshwater is associated to untreated wastes being discharged irresponsibly, companies dumping industrial effluents, as well as the by-product of the run-off produced by awkward cranial orbits. The causes continues to increase due to the societal urbanization and the growth of industries, which brings about the utilization of synthetic organic substances that cause considerable effects on sources of freshwater bodies (Hogan, 2010).It has been well known that countries that are developed are those who envision the issue of chemical discharges integrated in their water sources, whereas developing nations come across water pollution due to agricultural by products. Such concerns then disturb the health of the people as in that location are chemicals and substances in drinking water, which leads to illnesses (Schueler, 2000).Water PollutionWater pollution entails any modification in the quality of water as adversely impacted by any beingness or substance. There are various types of water pollutants and there are those that are fatal when consumed.Pollution varies, although the common organism that affects the health of humans is attributed to pathogenic organisms. Such organisms roots from human wastes that are not treated appropriately. ii forms of water pollution fecal matter be differentiated based on its source, the point and non-point sources (Biswas, 2008). Point sources are water pollutants that are derived from singular dump site of plants, companies and factories. This type of source is considered easier to monitor due to the designated sites wherein the wastes are dumped, which makes the types of pollutants under point sources easier to regulate. On the other hand, non-point sources are those that are produced in a scattered mien based from various areas or runoff from agricultural fields. The latter is harder to regulate because there is no designated area to monitor or regulate (EPA, 2006). Human Health and Water-borne Diseases Water-borne illnesses are those that are acquired through consuming pollute water. Majority of these illnesses are infectious and are caused by human waste, while others are due to chemicals that do as contaminants. Illnesses caused by pathogens are more prevalent in developing countries as caused by wretched sanitary practices. These organisms are integrated in water sources, which becomes in direct contact to individuals ingesting food and water. On the other hand, chemicals that contaminate water are naturally in land, but come into contact with water due to human activity (Nwachcuku & Gerba, 2004). The researcher will expound on 1) pathogens and 2) chemicals, as water pollutants that affect the health of humans. Pathogens One of the most common types of water pollutants are pathogens. Pathogens usually take the form of bacteria, viruses, phylum Protozoa and parasitic worms. These are derived from human and animal wastes, which cause water-borne illnesses. The integration of these pathogens in water is dangerous to human beings, as ingestion of contaminated water would be detrimental to the consumers health (Marechal, Ahmad, Engerrand, Galeazzi, & Touchard, 2006). Not solitary(prenominal) does it induce symptoms that negatively impact the patients over all well-being, but it also progresses to illnesses that can cause permanent damage to the individuals internal organs. There are also instances that such(prenominal) diseases can lead to death (Biswas, Tortajada, Braga, & Rodriguez, 2006). The highest probability of ingesting water with microbes are those

The Manager of Human Resources of ABC Company Essay

The Manager of Human Resources of ABC Company - Essay ExampleAside from the logical argument visiting card in the office, I entrust also advertise in leading newspapers or via the internet enlisting sites. The neighboring step is managing the response. We at HR ordain collect altogether the resumes insertted. After compilation of all the resumes of the job applicants, we shall shortlist the applicants to around 120. This is done by comparing each resume with the requirements of the employee specification. Our goal hither is to determine the most qualified candidates to schedule in-person interviews. The next step in the recruitment litigate is the job interviews. The job interview willing be clearly designed and agreed upon between our department and the line management. The aim of the interview is to discover the candidate who meets the requirements and fits best the corporate culture and the department. The panel will use the same set of questions with each interviewee. D uring this stage, the interview panelists will evaluate the relevant skills and experiences of the applicants. We shall also search their interests in pursuing a career with our company. The interview surgical procedure is essential in learning more or less the past accomplishments and achievements of the applicants. A part of the interview will also give the applicant a brief introduction about our company. This is necessary so that the applicant will also know whether he will fit in the organization. The interview will also include a selection test. ... will because be subjected to reference checks and a comprehensive background investigation, before an continue of employment is extended by our department. A verbal offer is then made to the candidate and if he agrees to it, a written offer is made. The written offer will specify the position and the compensation. The successful candidates will be required to submit the necessary documents and the other appointment formalitie s will be discussed. I foresee that the recruitment and hiring process will take around one month and two weeks. The next challenge to me is the educational activity of the pertly accepted employees. I realize that new employees usually feel anxiety and excitement during the first a few(prenominal) days of their employment. I believe that training for these new recruits should, therefore, harness their enthusiasm, reduce their fears and direct their energy. An induction training will be conducted for the new recruits. The induction training will include general training, mandatory training, job training and the training evaluation. In the general training, the new recruits will be introduced to the organization, which includes our vision, mission, values, philosophies and the history and structure of the company. This is where I will emphasize how much our company values customer satisfaction and quality service. This training will be handled directly by the HR department and wil l take one day to accomplish. The next step in the induction training is the mandatory training which will also be handled by the HR department. This encompasses the corporate policies and business processes. It will also include the health and safety requirements as comfortably as some of the legalities of the organization.

The Culture and History of Switzerland Assignment

The Culture and History of Switzerland - Assignment ExampleThe main principle that characterizes the domains political system is that the citizens have the highest political authority in the states of Swiss. They have the leverage of conveyancing their opinion at the levels such as communal, cantonal, and federal. Moreover, they can not only vote on opposite issues but also elect representatives of the Federal Assembly (Swiss Community, 2015). Response to question 3The geopolitics and geography of the Swiss sustained and allowed a tension-laden but polycentricity that was effective. The cantons stubbornly, on autonomy, canalized the attempts, as well as, state-building into a league mode of acquaintance instead of centralizing the unitary state model. The ultimate sovereignty neither depends on the citizen nor in somewhat of the central universal principle though it will depend on the autonomous communities. This can be explained by the difference of in the democratic process of this country in comparison to other democracies. It has a direct democracy where the citizens influence government activities directly through either referenda or initiatives. In the federalism, the positive powers atomic number 18 citizen centered as well as the cantons. Moreover, they have consociational democracy where the cantonal majority rules. Cantons that are small have equal weight to those that are big (Swiss Community, 2015).Response to question 4In my opinion, the culture and color character of the Zurich, Geneva, and Basel relatively differ. This can be attributed to the fact that the culture of the citizens is firmly anchored by the cantons. These cities are important facets of cultural identity as they contribute to the cultural and social substance towards the fear of the nation that is polycentric.

Project Report communication barrier at 2 sister foods group Essay

Project Report talk barrier at 2 sister foods group scunthorpe - Essay ExampleEmployee performance declines sharply and employers stand the employee confidence because of communion barriers. Inadequate verbal and non verbal talk results in bitterness and a crucial gap between the employees and employers. Communication barriers must be identified in order for effective communication to happen. In the food industry, business processes heavily relies on communication. Understanding communication barriers leads to enhancing communication. This paper aims at canvass the communication barriers at 2 sisters Food group and identifying how communication can be improved in a multicultural organization. The research also aims at pointing out the impacts of communication barriers to the productivity of the business and oecumenic operations. Communication barriers affect the relationship between employers and employees. The food industry sector employs a significant look of people. The su ccess of the industry depends of communication effectiveness. In this context, communication is viewed as meaningful interaction among the people in an organization. This interaction results in the meaning being perceived and understood by the parties. This process can be interrupted by a variety of barriers resulting to business failures. Improved communication depends on the elimination of the communication barriers.The literature review is dedicated to having a deeper and better understanding of various theories and rides that guide the phenomenon of communication. It could therefore be said that the literature review is being undertaken as a form of conceptual framework on communication to have a better understanding of existing models of communication and selecting the most appropriate model that can be instituted at 2 Sisters Foods Group Scunthorpe. After a thorough analysis of various models of communication, the constructionist model is

JOurnal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

JOurnal - Essay grammatical caseShe is a big and obese lady who had asked me to help her select some clothes for her. I chose for her an hold dress but all she cute were dresses that were black in color. I had recommended other colors sequester for her but she refused these and instead insisted on having only black dresses. I suggested pants for her but she instead wanted either a skirt or dress but only if it is color black. I got happy and was able to get one for her. She was a bit friendly and talkative but I matte up or sensed she was a weirdo somehow but thought it impolite to say so to her. I took a brief break and came back to the center at around five oclock but I ended feeling scared of black clothes right now. sort of funny.After I got home last week from work, I got sick and took two days remove at the agency. Today, I am still sick but cannot afford to be absent anymore as I had been absent for a number of days already. I am extremely appreciative to the supervi sor for accepting my excuses for absences but I need to render some overtime to make up for previous absences. I went to the agency today but still weird regarding my encounter with that big plank lady last week who chose black clothes. I saw three other interns who later on left as they had rendered their time already. It is now only me who is left and I felt sad closely it. Later, a male client went on looking for some male stuff and mens clothes. I got everything he wanted in an hour as he was not difficult to oversee with. I went home and in the late afternoon, I came back to the donation center and saw it alter with many people who donated clothes and other stuff they no longer wanted to the agency. I was a bit happy that people are so generous despite the hard times and I was grateful for their charity. I stayed here until past midnight and I went home somehow happy, elated, and fulfilled. I am fleur-de-lis to have helped other people and somehow help reduce poverty (Van

Amazon.Com in Business Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amazon.Com in Business Plan - Research composition ExampleTo sustain this new venture, Amazon Inc. has a good start off, as its traffic is spellbinding to buyers and sellers into Amazon market place. Firms likely to be acquired in this endeavor include Diapers.com, Zappos and Soap.com.Amazon intends to buy Quaidis, the boot company to Soap.co and Diapers.com for $540 million. The capital that was collected to fund this acquisition amounts to $78 million. In an separate strategy for up its competition with CPG companies, Amazon Inc. intends to acquire Zappos at a projected price of $1.1 billion. To compete with Google and Apple, Amazon Inc. intends to conjure its Kindle to support mobile phone applications and functions. This will enable the incorporation expand from effective providing forcible goods to digital goods. The low margins strategy has been employed by Amazon regardless it is downcast by other companies. Amazon is offering its products and services at low prices as a strategy to line more than customers and increase its market share. This is a strategy aimed at increasing economic value to customers rather than increasing its value through high prices and high profits. Increased market share will see Amazon stiffen its costs through economies of scale, as the costs will be spread through many customers. For lawsuit in 2011, Amazon had operating expenses of 91% expressed as a fraction of revenues. This demonstrated its openhanded market share compared to Walmart. Amazon had revenue streams of up to $48 billion. Most of this is attributed to online retail store where it has managed to attract millions of shoppers and sellers to its website. This has led to a cost advantage for Amazon in relation to Walmart and Costcos. Amazon has grown from just a book retailer to be the largest online retail shopping for physical and digital goods and services. This has not stop the company from further growth and development. The company is seeking to cont ract Google, which will see it use the android technology. Although Amazon and Google are market rivals, Amzon seeks to cross the gap between the two and build its new devices on the Android operating system. 8. Implementation strategy From a range of reasonable options (build or go it altogether strategy, partner via a joint venture or less formal business alliance, license, minority investment, and acquisition), establish which option would enable the getting firm to best implement its chosen business strategy. Because of the nature of the course, you must(prenominal) indicate that an implementation strategy involving an acquisition is preferred to the other options and why. An acquisition is the best strategy for implementation. The acquiring firms stands an advantage of running a business that is well established compared to building up a new business. With an established business, the acquiring firm can use the existing financial records to foretaste future performance to determine if the new firm to be acquired is profitable. This is not the case with a new firm being set up. Setting up a new firm may call for more capital and time. The business future performance may not be correctly forecasted because on that point are many unseen occurrences, as the business has no experience. Partnerships on the other had result in legal disputes, as the partners are likely to disagree on decisions and business issues. Acquisition remains the

Finite Element Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

exhaustible Element Analysis - Essay Examplen into series of smaller regions in which the differential equations ar approximately solved by assembling the set of equations for each region, the behaviour over the entire problem domain is determined.Considering a three-dimensional physical structure (as shown in the figure), assume that force F is playacting on the frame, whereas the body is nether gravitational pull by the virtue of its weight represented. The distributed load T is also acting of the body. The part of the body is segmented, and single specific outer come out is considered.The body is under stress, as result of the application of the external force, the distributed load and the gravitational force. The external force acts on surface of the body, and is regarded as the surface forces, whereas the weight is acting on the entire volume of the body and is regarded as the body forces.By the virtue of its material characteristic, the body will tend to deform upon app lication of the external force. The body initially behaves within the elastic limits, and will therefore retain its shape after the surface forces are withdrawn. This tentative deformation with the body in terms of length, area and volume is regarded as the strain. As per Cartesian system, the developed strain can be explained as,This entire set of differential equations is configured on the particle of volume. Further calculations are pursued to obtain the energy change in the entire system due(p) to the application of the forces.The node is the critical point for the specific surface. The location of this point is based upon the value of the cognize field variable. In specific cases, the net displacement at support node is amounted to be zero, in similar manner the temperature values are prescribed at nodes. The nodes are considered to the points at the boundaries of the finite agent mesh.The mesh is the marking of regions on the surface area, and therefore in the case of con tinuous regions no gaps are evident during finite element mesh. The

Exodus and the hardening of Pharaoh's Heart Essay

Exodus and the hardening of Pharaohs Heart - Essay ExampleAs such they argon without blemish and without any partisan attitude. Bible does non distinguish between Israelites and non-Israelites. Spiritual revelations are not bound by or confined to geographical boundaries. All arguments and counter-arguments originate below the mind level, and erstwhile an individual transcends the mind, one practically understands what divinity is It is beyond words as such it cannot be verbalised through speech. All human beings are created in the image of God (Magid) and at the same eon God has blessed them with his free- testament. They have the ability to act as per their volition and possess the capability to correct for their sins. Free pull up stakes is the fundamental aspect of divine play. Therefore, Gods removing the possibility of repentance (hardening Pharaohs heart) fairly raises the question of ethical reciprocity and just desserts.(Magid) If this is agreed, the next question is G od hardening anyones heart that challenges Gods relationship to humanity in Scripture (Magid). This is the root cause of the philosophical problem. If Bible is taken for granted as a scripture of literature limited to the cultural and historical aspects, then the problem of hardening Pharaohs heart turns out to be the secular problem, and not of the Bible. some other way to sidestep the problem of Pharaohs hardened heart is to view Pharaoh as one who will not repent because he cannot repent.In Exodus 320 God ordains that He will bring plagues (wonders) upon Egypt as a rejoinder to Pharaohs disinclination to free Israel. In Exodus 42, God will stiffen Pharaohs heart to enable Him to engulf Egypt with plagues. In the first rhythm plagues are mentioned as an essential ploy for accomplishing the desired objective, i.e., liberation of Israel. In the second verse, the plagues are a crucial portion of the Exodus. God desires Pharaoh to uninterruptedly

Strategy,Process,Product, and Services Paper Essay

Strategy,Process,Product, and Services Paper - Essay ExampleCreativity is the of import factors which influence marketing and organizational policies, growth and development strategies and competitive frame in all continents. . alteration and creativity argon the main driven forces of auto industry. General Motors is a leading global guild which relies on innovation and new technologies solutions. Innovation and creativity determine organizational strategy of GM and its market position. For Gm, there be many ways to approach the subject of the growth and internationalization of creative and mod management. For GM, innovations allow to grow and mature. Global markets and geopolitics are rapidly changing. They are outpacing established management thinking and conventional politics. The growth and internationalization of creative and innovative management shift the focus from rapid changes due to technology and ideology drivers per se to new ways of thinking creatively and innov atively-spontaneous and cultivated. The mission of the company reflects its market position and future growth strategies GM. is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers will receive lord value while our employees and business partners will share in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment (GM Home Page 2008).Most of GM technologies are revolutionary for several reasons. First, they reflect fundamental advances in the basic sciences. Our understanding of how the world works has been permanently changed through advances in the basic sciences, which in turn have resulted in a new beat of technologies. These technologies are widely diffused. Because they are so diverse, because they have so many applications, and because they have an impact on so many markets, no one region or country can dominate them completely. Consequently, they are changing the nature of the

Have the benefits that immigrants have brought to British society Essay - 1

Have the benefits that immigrants have brought to British society outweighed the problems they have caused - Essay casefulAccording to mail online report, Britain plans to ban wives brought to the UK, mainly from India and Pakistan (Crackdown on 80,000 immigrants for abusing benefits system, 2009). This paper compares the benefits and problems of immigration in BritainChart (2003) has argued that if mortal is sufficiently motivate to travel thousands of miles in search of a erupt life, they are sufficiently motivated to get out of the damp bedsit and look for work in search of one that is better yet (Chart, 2003). People are immigrating to other countries on the lookout of better living conditions. In their home plate country, they may not have enough opportunities to utilize their expertise. For example, India is a country which is prosperous with immense educate and skilled manpower resources. The problem with India is that because of the immense population size, it is unable to provide enough opportunities to the unemployed and therefrom failed to capitalise on the huge manpower resources they have. On the other hand UK is a country which is blessed with enough opportunities, but less manpower resources. Thus immigration helped UK to utilize the overseas manpower resources for their sparing development. The immigrant connection will work hard for better living conditions which will be beneficial to Britain. In fact, most of Indians are not working hard if they work in their home country whereas in immigrant countries like Middle East, America or UK, they have a good reputation as utmost as hardworking is concerned. Immigration will add substantial numbers of economically productive individuals, and given up the chance, many of them will be more economically productive than average (Chart, 2003).Another biggest contribution of the immigrant community is the enrichment of British culture. A culture is a living thing, and it is always growing and cha nging. Cultures which feed on nobody but themselves tend to become

Research a medical topic of interest to you using professional medical Paper

A medical topic of interest to you using professional medical journals such as Jama, nursing or dental or physical, occupational, or speech journals - Research Paper ExampleThis leaves legal profession as the only feasible alternative to control the virus. The prevention is d unmatchable through immunization of vitiated forms of the virus to induce the body to develop natural immunity against the virus (John, 2002).Cases of acute anterior acute anterior poliomyelitismyelitis have declined in the recent decades but it is still too early to celebrate. The elimination of the second of the three-poliovirus serotypes type 2 was eliminated in 1999.This marked a milestone achievement and evidence that the worldwide resolve to eliminate paralytic poliomyelitis is attainable. Improvements in immunization and continuous surveillance argon ideal in the completion of eradication of polio (Samwel et al, 1991). The feat of polio eradication is highly supported by polio programs, innovations suc h as ball-shaped positioning system, mapping, and strategies of immunization at transit points. It is strategic to declare polio as a global health emergency to arouse concerted efforts by countries globally to eliminate the disease.The shift from the use of spontaneous polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is timely and appropriate. This is because of the magnitude of reduced effectiveness of OPV in locations with high burden of enteric pathogens and diarrheal disease. This challenge can bemore pronounced in some areas leaving children who have received several doses still vulnerable to polio attack. The development of viral genetic sequencing technology reveals that OPV viruses are capable of regaining fitness and neurovirulence when continuously transmitted from one person to the other. Based on the information of genetic attenuation, it is imperative that true elimination of polio mean zero transmission of poliovirus .It is notable that vaccine viruses apart from being genetically prone to reversal to neurovirulence, are also epidemiologically prone to transmission to unvaccinated children thus causing polio outbreaks. To reduce the cost of the administration of IPV, it is

Bauhaus History of Design Essay Example for Free

Bauhaus History of Design EssayThe Bauhaus was the first bewilder of the modern art rail. The Bauhaus curriculum combined theoretic education and practical training in the educational gainshops. It drew inspiration from the ideals of the revolutionary art movements and design experiments of the early 20th century. A wood turf out (shown right) depicted the idealized vision of Walter Gropius, a cathedral of design. Bauhaus 1919-33 The Bauhaus began with an utopian definition The building of the future was to combine every(prenominal) the arts in ideal unity. In order to reach this name and address, the founder, Walter Gropius, saw the necessity to develop vernal teaching methods and was convinced that the base for any art was to be found in handcraft the school will gradually turn into a workshop. artists and craftsmen directed classes and production together at the Bauhaus in Weimar. This was intend to remove any distinction betwixt fine arts and applied arts. Of course, the educational and social offer to a new configuration of life and its environment could non always be achieved.And the Bauhaus was not all with this goal, but the name became a near synonym for this trend. The Bauhaus occupies a place of its own in the autobiography of 20th century culture, computer architecture, design, art and new media. One of the first schools of design, it brought together a number of the closely outstanding contemporary architects and artists and was not only an innovative training centre but also a place of production and a focus of international debate.At a time when industrial union was in the grip of a crisis, the Bauhaus stood almost alone in asking how the modernisation process could be mastered by means of design. Founded in Weimar in 1919, the Bauhaus rallied master and students who sought to reverse the split between art and production by returning to the crafts as the foundation of all artistic activity and evolution exemplary designs for ob jects and spaces that were to form part of a more human future society. Following intense knowledgeable debate, in 1923 the Bauhaus turned its ttention to industry under its founder and first director Walter Gropius (18831969).The major exhibition which undecided in 1923, reflecting the revised principle of art and technology as a new unity, showcased the full spectrum of Bauhaus work and prototypes. The Haus Am Horn provided a glimpse of a residential building of the future. In 1924 funding for the Bauhaus was cut so drastically at the instigation of conservative forces that it had to seek a new home. The Bauhaus moved to Dessau at a time of rising economic fortunes, becoming the municipally funded School of Design.Almost all masters moved with it. Former students became junior masters in charge of the workshops. Famous works of art and architecture and influential designs were produced in Dessau in the years from 1926 to 1932. Walter Gropius resigned as director on 1st April 192 8 under the insisting of constant struggles for the Bauhaus survival, He was succeeded by the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer (18891954) whose work sought to shape a harmonized society. Cost-cutting industrial mass production was to make products affordable for the masses.Despite his successes, Hannes Meyers Marxist convictions became a paradox for the city council amidst the political turbulence of Germany in 1929, and the following year he was removed from his post. Under Ludwig Mies vanguard der Rohe (18861969) the Bauhaus developed from 1930 into a technical school of architecture with subsidiary art and workshop departments. After the Nazis became the biggest ships company in Dessau at the elections, the Bauhaus was forced to move in September 1932. It moved to Berlin but only lasted for a short time longer.The Bauhaus dissolved itself under pressure from the Nazis in 1933. Architecture The building is the ultimate goal of all fine art, the Bauhaus manifesto proclaimed back i n 1919. Architecture training at the Bauhaus in Weimar was initially the prerogative of Walter Gropius private architectural practice and for a short time courses were run by his partner Adolf Meyer and in association with the Baugewerkschule (building trades school) in Weimar. The Bauhaus workshops were involved in these efforts through Gropiuss office.This collaboration produced the Haus Am Horn in 1923. Some new methods based on specific types and standardisation were employed not only to produce new architecture but to anticipate a new lifestyle through this architecture. In 1927 Walter Gropius offered Hannes Meyer a position in charge of architecture classes. That year Hannes Meyer began to put together a curriculum which included all relevant subjects such as planning, design, draftsmanship, construction, town planning. Architecture for Walter Gropius and Hannes Meyer alike in the main denoted the design of lifes processes.Hannes Meyer went far beyond Gropiuss study of essen tials, which focused too more than on the object for his taste, turning his teaching programme into one where the concrete conditions in society and the factors find out architecture and its use formed the starting point for all planning and design. The habits of the future residents of an estate or a house were studied in scientific detail. From 1930 to 1933 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe carried on with much of what had been started under his predecessors.At the same time Mies van der Rohe streamlined the curriculum to produce something like a system of courses which leftfield almost no room for utopian experiments. The majority of the new student intake at the Bauhaus had already completed a course of studies, and the Bauhaus became a postgraduate school. Mies van der Rohes teaching focused on the design of specific buildings whose appearance owed nothing to Gropiuss study of essentials or to the collective satisfaction of the bulks needs, but which were to be the spatial implement ation of intellectual decisions (Mies van der Rohe) in an esthetically consummate fashion.

Assessment and Feedback Essay Example for Free

legal opinion and Feedback EssayAssessment drives the choices schoolchilds make about their training. It is widely recognize that prizement and feedback double back the strongest authority to change how, and what, students do to succeed in their learning (Ramsden, 2003). This Effective Teaching Guide on Assessment bids practical suggestions on perspicacity and feedback.Assessment of development and Assessment for LearningDavid Boud, a recognised look forer and scholar of judgement in higher education, suggests that discernment has many purposes, but particularly to ease students to improve their learning and certify students learning. These two purposes lead to different ways of thinking about what, how, and when to assess studentsAccording to Boud and Associates Seven Propositions for Assessment Reform in Higher Education (2010), mind has most effect when1. Assessment is used to engage students in learning that is productive (including the accept for assessment to be designed to focal point students on learning) 2. Feedback is used to actively improve student learning 3. Students and teachers rick responsible partners in learning and assessment 4. Students be inducted into the assessment practices and cultures of higher education 5. Assessment for learning is placed at the centre of subject and project design 6. Assessment for learning is a focus for staff and institutional development and, 7. Assessment provides inclusive and trustworthy representation of student achievement.The power of feedbackFeedback plays an pregnant role in improving students learning. A useful summary is that provided by Gibbs and Simpsons (2004). In their meta-study of the research about how assessment and feedback support student learning, 7 of their 10 identified conditions relate to feedback, and students understanding of feedback. These are Sufficient feedback is provided, both often enough and in enough detail Feedback focuses on students performance, on their learning and on actions under the students control, rather than on the students themselves and on their characteristics Feedback is timely in that it is received by students spell it still matters to them, and in time for them to pay attention to however learning or receive further assistance Feedback is appropriate to the purpose of the assignment and to its criteria for success Feedback is appropriate, in relation to students understanding of what they are supposed to be doing Feedback is received and attended to and, Feedback is acted on by the student.Hounsell (2004) also makes the following points about feedback It chamberpot be extrinsic (assessment-focused) or intrinsic (activity andpractice-based) It can be immediate and verbal (in order to address the potential lack of engagement when it arrives after an assessment) It can be provided to be a whole class It can be many to many where students are involved in identifying the strengths and weaknesses (peer feedback) and, Feedback can be a entwine it can be offered on unfinished work.Another useful idea is feed-forward. Feed-forward encourages students to use something like a fall guy claim (also captured by the idea of criteria and ideals) to help plan their approach to an assessment. While a marking rubric is routinely used by university teachers to mark/ coterie students work (as an expression of what a student needs to demonstrate (and the train they need to achieve) to receive a particular grade), the idea of feed-forward is about boost students to use that same information in the rubric to plan their work, and perhaps even, to self-assess it before submitting it for formal feedback. In summaryFeedback example Develop a marking rubric as a cover sheet. The rubric identifies the elements of the assignment, together with a breakdown of marks for each element or a description of the standard for an A, B, C, D, P etc.Feed-forward example Provide the marking rubric to students before the assignment is due so that they agnisely understand whats expected, the levels of achievement, and can plan their approach accordingly.In marking student work, youll need a suite of feedback techniques. Remember, if youre going to be spending a lot of time providing feedback, you necessity to make sure that students read, use and engage with your feedback to improve their next assignment. The best way to do that is to gravel a range of techniques that you can draw on, when you need to. The table below describes some feedback techniques.One ceremony you might make about each of these techniques is that they are focused on (i) engaging students with the criteria and standards, and (ii) with what the student does with the feedback they receive. If youd like to read more than about these two ideas (and others like them), two articles may be in particular useful to you Rust, Price ODonovan (2003) and Price, ODonovan Rust (2004). unison and fairness in marking and feedbackConsiste ncy in marking, or moderation, is aimed at ensuring fairness in marking, and requires finding or establishing agreement between markers. reservation sure that assignments contain criteria and standards is a good start because the expectations involved are clear to the student and clear to the marker. Although this does not absolve the marker from interpreting students work, without criteria or standards, the job of marking ends up being a good deal harder.The procedures for marking are set out in the Universitys Assessment Procedures (an excerpt of the principles is below)Where there is more than one marker, selected pieces of work from each assessment task should be reviewed by the subject coordinator to verify the level and consistency of the marks allocated by the marker.This process, called moderation, increases the reliability of the assessment process and application of standards, promotes consistency, supports objectivity and establishes a overlap understanding of standard s and fairness in assessment.The university also has a grading schema with a range of winnow out grades.Graduate capabilitiesAlongside the conventional grading schema, from 2012, all commencing first year students will receive a result on the achievement of the universitys six graduate capabilities at the end of the year report Speaking Inquiry/Research Critical thinking Creative Problem-solving TeamworkThere are some subjects which confuse been designated cornerstone, mid-point and capstone status. This means that their curriculum has been designed to teach, assess, provide feedback and report specifically on these graduate capabilities. For each graduate capability, students will receive one of three results exceeded expectations, met expectations or did not meet expectations. Each skill has carefully crafted a description of what these standards look like. It may be the case that you will be asked to provide feedback to students about their graduate capability achievement as well. Because faculties will have already done square(a) work outlining those standards, it is likely you will be asked to offer students that feedback.SummaryWhen considered together, assessment and feedback are incredibly fibrous levers for influencing the direction of students efforts, and their learning. For many students, the assessment in the subject is the actual curriculum. It is largely students reading and perception of what the assessment demands of them which is a key determinant in how they spend their time in a subject. Therefore, the messages that students take onward about assessment from the documents the Subject Guide from interaction with other students, are important considerations. In the sustain week, you will discover just how crucial feedback is to this process and how theadoption of standards and criteria will help you mark and grade more efficiently and effectively.ReferencesGibbs, G. and Simpson, C. (2004). Conditions Under Which Assessment Supports St udent Learning. Learning and Teaching, Issue 1, pp 3-31.Hattie, J. Timperley, H. (2007). The Power of Feedback. Review of educational Research, 77(1), 81-112.Hounsell, D. (2004). Reinventing Feedback in the Contemporary Scottish University. Scottish Quality Enhancement Workshop on Assessment, University of Glasgow available online at www.enhancementthemes.ac.uk/documents/events/20040604/Hounsellpaper.pdf.ODonovan, B., Price, M., Rust, C. (2004). Know what I mean? Enhancing student understanding of assessment standards and criteria. Teaching in Higher Education, 9(3), 325-335.Orrell, J. (2006). Assessment beyond intuition. Central Queensland University available online at http//www.learning.cq.edu.au/FCWViewer/view.do?page=8896, accessed Feb 2011.Price, M., ODonovan, B., Rust, C. (2004).Know what I mean? Enhancing student understanding of assessment standards and criteria. Teaching in Higher Education, 9(3), 325-335.Ramsden, P. (2003). Learning to teach in higher education. (2nd e dition). Routledge, NY London.Rust, C., Price, M., ODonovan, B. (2003). Improving Students Learning by Developing their Understanding of Assessment Criteria and Processes. Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 28(2), 147-164.Taylor, J. (2008). Assessment in First Year University A model to manage transition. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 5(1).

Awake - Creative writingWriting Essay Example for Free

Awake Creative writingWriting striveThe green leaf was melting in my hand. In her pink hair daffodils were sleeping as we were move and laughing through the forests thunder. She grins. I flavour like heavens on earth. She is the love if my life. Everything I forever valued. The sun sparkles in her eyes of sugar while her soft lips kiss mines. Holding my arm almost her waist a shiver of happiness explodes in my veins. I wish this kiss last forever. She is mine. I am hers. Forever as one. From the distance, I see like in a tunnel pack dancing and drinking a party. In the woods?Like a tornado I tactile property absorbed and transposed by the dark frail in that devilish world and the party becomes my reality oh no, where did the forest go? My love? Dont leave me The heat. The noise. The wakes. The sounds were an apocalypse of evil. I look at my palm. Drugs. Everything was a hallucination, a frenzy I look around and all I see is people with evil smiles, blind by the disc os lights. As I turn my head round, I see a annoyanceting on the wall. No, it cant be but yes Its her This cant be a dream Her white dress, hypnotic smile and her pink hair with daffodilsand the trees, moaning in the winds wild breath. I approach and I feel how my heart struggles to close out the feeling of the pleasant pain of love which surrounds every inch of my being. Shaking, I hold out her and as my hand sinks into the painting I realize it is real I can feel her tender uncase again but even though my hand is in heaven, my eyes are in pain as I am blinded by a powerful shiny white light The disc of the sun is trapped in the vase on my desk which reflects a huge microscopic dot of light torturing my dreamy eyes. I try to open them as I feel my arm benumbed under my pillow.Half asleep, I smell a scent of toast and bacon. The sun pierces the curtains as I pull them back to reveal a lovely morning. As I step on the moth-eaten floor of my bathroom, trying to brush my teeth, I almost put soap on my toothbrush During my tour to school, I remember the weird dream I had, meanwhile the sun warms up my dreary breast as the luring vanilla scent of the car tempts me to go back in the world of dreams, where nothing is infeasible I arrived. As I approach my classroom, from the crowded mass, a new face catches my attention. A boy.Short, moody straightened hair, round eyes. I dont think Ive seen him before. He is gorgeous. His appearance paralyses me as Im pushed over by the crowd. He fills the vanity in my heart. His gestures are so perfectly surreal and full of everything I never had and always cherished I want him so bad In my desperate longing I feel a wave of painful hot tears of silence that reflect his image into my eyes. Im crying. Hell never be mine. I try to move but I realize I cant feel my embody anymore. My legs are numb meanwhile I wish hed turn around once more. If only hed stigmatize me.I cant even see him anymore because of the tears floodin g my eyes. I never wanted something like this before Therefore I felt like screaming his name? Shannon. Shannon His name was repeat inside me, beyond my being, within my tortured soul of pain, surrounded by weeping tears. I feel caught in a dizzy spin again people around me have no caprice how love is supposed to feel like they are chatting and making noise therefore causing the scarlet tornado to spin me in circles of lights and pain as I hear a bell I need to hurry up no its the agitated alarm from my phone stop Im awake now.

Teenage Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Barbados Essay Example for Free

Teenage Aw beness of Sexu eithery Transmitted Diseases in Barbados undertakeDuring the course of this project many persons provided their assistance to me. Firstly Id like to thank Ms. Baptiste my CAS teacher for her patience and guidance, as headspring as the members of my survey for their participation. Finally Id like to thank my family and friends for their support and encouragement. ingress The topic I move over chosen is the levels of aw atomic number 18ness of the mystifyion of exciteually communicable diseases among Barbadian teenagers. I take outside(a) chosen this topic because of the severity of impact it can have on Barbadian social club without proper knowledge. Without knowledge our Barbadian teenagers can make careless decisions and cause an outbreak of sexually genetic diseases. Sexually transmissible diseases, to a greater extent commonly known as STDs are among the military mans most commonly caught diseases. They are painful, irritating, contagiou s and whatsoevertimes fatal. Sexually transmissible diseases are very slatternly to catch, moreover they are also very easy to prevent. There are very many dissimilar types of STDs, some more harmful than others, such as Chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, and HIV/aids.In this guide I get out attempt to analyze fifteen teenagers from Queens College with different ages between 11 and 19 done a survey. From the results of these questionnaires, organisations such as can benefit from these by taking my results and placing in effect measures to educate Barbadian teens on sexually transmitted diseases to prevent widespread outbreaks. Literature Review Teens are often at increased assay for STDs compared to other age groups. This is likely payable to the position that teens are more likely to have unprotected sex as well as multiple partners.A lack of lendable study about prevention and treatment options, as well as a perceived home run surrounding STDs, whitethorn also deter teens from seeking help when they need it. This was stated by Susan Carney from jejuneness Development (USA), April 2nd 2008. This study on teens will be proven/ disproven in my study through my surveys among the 15 teens I will analyze. In my research I also open that, 10,000 Teens will contract an STD this year and of those 10,000, 5500 Teens will contract HIV or Chlamydia (more common among teens than older adults), Gonorrhoea also is free-base to have luxuriouslyer rates in teens than older adults.As many as 15% of sexually active teenage women are infected with HPV, many with the type of HPV linked to cervical cancer. Many STDs were found to have few or no symptoms and were NOT a part of Standard STD Testing. This pedagogics was interpreted from observations of statistics made by Glen Davis from the StopThinkDecide organisation in 2007 (USA). Awareness of the dangers of HIV/Aids is decreasing among three-year-old stack at a time when fewer are practising safe sex, as reveale d by Owen Bowcott in 2009. He conducted a survey on young throng to discover how uncognizant they are of the risks of Hiv/Aids.His findings showed that intimately 60% of 16- to 24-year-olds questioned thought they were not at risk of promise the infection after having unprotected sex and 8% believed taking a contraceptive pill offered protection against infection. Furthermore, almost 14% thought the fact that they were not gay ensured they could not contract HIV/Aids. This survey of 2,550 young people was carried out for the Staying quick Foundation charity, which is supported by MTV UK and the Body Shop.Data Collection SourcesEach of the literary texts that I have reviewed has helped to gain a better understanding of this overall topic. This is because the statistics discovered, have been generalized from a percentage of the worlds population. If this method was to be repeated with another percentage of the population and both surveys results were reviewed and compared, this would prove them to be reliable as the results would be the resembling. This is because School education has an age requirement before a babe is given more information about STDs and sexual intercourse worldwide.Therefore, children of the norm worldwide would have the same awareness level as the other at a specific age. My method of study (questionnaire and survey) has helped in bettering my knowledge of this topic since I was able to gain quantitative data that supported the statistics of other literary texts and surveys. Also, I was able to gain a minimal amount of qualitative information that allowed me to understand more about the specific areas of this topic Teens are unaware of. This was minimal as most effective questionnaires and surveys have set questions which must be generalised to the public.Presentation of Findings The amount of people who chose the correct sexually transmitted diseases on my survey is shown below in the bar chart. All of the respondents chose HIV/Aid s as an STD. contrive below shows a bar chart with results from STD choices. Approximately 11% of students aged 11-19 did know that sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted through oral sex Over 22% of students thought that all STDs can be seen by ones physical appearance while 78% chose that it is not always shown by ones physical appearance.A total of 44% of individuals studied in the questionnaire thought that homosexuals had a lesser risk at contracting STDs while 33% said they did not know and 23% thought that homosexuals had a higher risk at contracting STDs. 22% of students tested did not know that sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted through blood transfusions. The question was asked, What age groups are most bear on by STDs? and 56% of people answered that the ages 16-20 are more affected by STDs.This is shown in the chart below. 00% of people who took the survey chose that all people were susceptible to STDs. Although 33% of people answered that they thought 11-20% of Barbadian were living with Aids, 33% of people also didnt know. Shown in the chart below. 56% of students chose contraception as a method to help prevent STDs, while 78% of students chose abstinence. This is shown in the graph below. 89% of those surveyed chose the internet and health clinics as ways to obtain information on STDs. This is shown in the chart below. 7% of students chose HIV/Aids as the most contracted disease throughout the Caribbean.This is shown below. 67% of students chose a sore that hurts and doesnt go away as the main symptom of STDs. Interpretation of Findings Findings have shown that the awareness of sexually transmitted diseases has often been questioned amongst the jr. generation. After conducting a survey to investigate just how aware Barbadian teenagers are of these STDs, results conveyed that factual information was lacking significantly amongst the youngest of the young population, ranging from 11-13 years old.According to my evidence, I believe these youngsters lack this key information due to the vague education received about sexual intercourse, and STDs from School environments. However, even though these young people do not have a broad awareness of these diseases from their School. My findings have shown that School education is still the primary source for young adults to gain this sexual knowledge. This is evident since other school children that were surveyed that ranged from the ages of 14-19 showed a much more in-depth understanding of STDs and forms of contraception.Statements made by some, illustrated that this awareness was mostly received from their school education. Therefore, as we can see, older aged students have more awareness of STDs, whereas the junior ones do not due to School systems having an age requirement. This is in order for students to learn more about these sexually transmitted diseases when they are ready. Discussion of Findings It was shown in the survey that between the ages 11 and 13, students were disturbingly unaware of the various ways of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, furthermore the different types of sexually transmitted diseases.This was not shown in the past researches stash away in my literature review. It is shown that all teens studied are moderately aware of the various diseases and are well aware of ways to contract them. The government has put a sufficient investment into making teens more aware of sexually transmitted diseases. It was studied in my lit review that many teens were unaware but the country the surveys were taken from were different and may have less education on the contraction of sexually transmitted diseases in teens.My study was also taken in a very small plateful whilst studies such as Susan Carneys were taken in much larger scale making her study much more likely to be accurate. Limitations Since the survey was small and was only done on 30 students, the survey may not be accurate for the entire percentage awareness of Barbados. Also because some of the questions may have been too personal to ask, some of the required information could not be self-collected due to the delicacy of the subject.The survey was only handed out at school where people may have been more educated, therefore more aware so the results may not be accurate. Recommendations My recommendations are that the government should teach students from a younger age about sexually transmitted diseases due to the high rate at which 11-13 year olds answered the questions wrong. Since the age at which teens are having sex is getting younger and younger it is only necessary to educate our future generations to help prevent an epidemic outbreak of STDs in the honest future.Parents should also play a vital role in this by talking to their children from early ages so that they can be aware of the seriousness of STDs. Conclusion The lack of awareness seems to be at younger ages yet they are still those of age without knowledge o f contraction of STDs. With the high amount of infected people in the Caribbean these respondents should be more aware. My conclusion is that young people should be made more aware of the impact of STDs on society and how to prevent the outbreak of these STDs.

Electro-optics and Infrared Essay Example for Free

Electro-optics and Infr ard Essayelectronic warfare involves the utilization of techniques, equipment and devices to counteract or deny the enemy from using radar, communication theory and otherwise radio fly high devices. The EW techniques potty be further subdivided into electronic support, electronic ack-ack and electronic protection (Frater Ryan, 2001). Electronic support (ES) involves actions taken by an operational commander to search, intercept, identify and locate sources of electromagnetic energy. ES is considered to be passive as it involves using passive measures which do not generate their own energy. Electronic attack (EA) involves using electromagnetic energy to attack facilities, equipment or personnel in ensnare to destroy the enemys flake capability. EA is taken be an officious technique as it involves crowd, neutralization and electronic deception, which are ordinarily clangorous since they generate their own energy (Goodman Carus, 1990). Jam ming entails use up of electromagnetic energy to prevent radio prognosticate transmission. In neutralizing the enemys aim, extremely high levels of electromagnetic radiation are use to equipment casualty permanently the enemys electronic equipment.While in electronic deception false or misleading signals are sent in order to deceive and confuse the enemy. Electronic protection (EP) entails the actions taken to protect facilities, personnel and equipment from effects of EW that would destroy or damage their combat capability. EP involves using active and passive techniques (Frater Ryan, 2001). In the past, EW systems were in the first turn out concerned with the microwave spectrum region alone nowadays it is ceaselessly shifting to the presbyopicer wavelengths of IR and also to the visible region.The current weapon systems are increasingly exploiting a mixture of sensors in order to overcome the adverse climatic conditions (Szweda, 2000). To such systems, countermeasures ar e also deprivationful which allow in compact diode laser light sources. Additionally, small and light equipment which provide a good range of sensors and countermeasures is also needed (Selex Galileo, 2009). Land environment EW systems in overthrow operations are very important to the soldiery since approximately of their operations are done on land.In most countries their force forces are still equipped with old equipment which were utilized in the Second World contend and gum olibanum are planning to adopt youthful ones. For instance, Canada has not yet adopted the new equipment and wherefore is planning to update its land EW equipment in a few old age time (Farley Gauthier, 2008). harmonise to Bellamy (1987), developments in the weapons platforms and protection have taken place gradually and slowly, and the external appearance of the battlefield jackpot easily be seen for the year 2000 or 2010.However, in the EW field changes have occurred rapidly as new equipment s are being made which serve the troops better. The EW field has receive standardised a battle field as armament forces are trying to outdo each other. For instance, in equipping its military forces, the British government purchased the first soothsayer equipment at cost of about $220 billion and was to start using it in 2006 (Deagel, 2003). Many countries inclusive of the United State of America are embellish many funds in research on the EW systems in order to increase the military strengths (Szweda, 2000).The primary bands of the radar and its frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum are VHF, UHF and it continues onwards. The commonly use wave frequencies by the US, NATO and other military forces, ranges from about 26. 5 GHz to about 170 GHz (Bellamy, 1987). The communication melody contains a band of frequencies, however, during communications the equipment are tuned to certain frequency in order to communicate with the other person on the other side. For high communi cation quality broad band are inhering, but are usually prone to jamming and interception by another person who could be the enemy.To avoid jamming or interception, narrow bands are therefore preferred and thus are most commonly used. On land EW systems and e sumally the radar components have many functions which are very useful to the military and some of them include locating weapons, tracking shell, surveillance of battlefield, ground vehicle self protection, subsurface purpose detection, among others (Bretton, 1986). This learning is essential for the military as it saves the lives of many military personnel. For instance, locating weapons allows military to detect land mines or bombs which have been laid down as a trap and hence are equal to(p) to deactivate them.There are several EW techniques shortly being used. For instance the British array is equipped with soothsayer EW equipment which is used for detecting and identifying radar and radio signals on the battlefield. This equipment is usually attach on lightweight and ar muchd military vehicles. Currently, the neodymium-YAG laser is also being used as optical range finders, however, the equipment is undergoing improvement in order to increase its smoke penetration power (Margiotta, 2004). Another technique being utilized is the signal intelligence service.Signal intelligence (SIGNIT) This technique involves gathering intelligent information by intercepting signals between individuals using electronic equipment (Lindborg, 1997). It entails use of crypt analysis since sensitive information is usually encrypted. Traffic analysis is also used in some cases to get valuable information. Through traffic analysis information concerning the sender and the receiver of that information and the quantity of information shared between the two individuals can be easily obtained (Shulsky Schmitt, 2002).This technique is broad and thus has many subdivisions however, the two main subdivisions include communi cation intelligence (communications intelligence) and electronic intelligence (electronics intelligence). Currently, the SIGNIT techniques also involves use optical devices thereby making it more effective and efficient. a) COMINT This type deals with voice information or messages which are derived from an interception of foreign communications (Lockwood, 2006). This technique is used for school text interception, voice interception, signal channeling interception and for monitoring friendly conversations (Yusof, 1999).Text interception is currently not being used by many military forces. Military forces of nations of the former Soviet Union are the still using it and it involves use of Morse code. Radio frequencies are scanned for character sequences and facsimile in order to get intelligence information. In voice interception the technique involves listening to voice communications over radios, telephones or through wiretaps. In cases where the communication is encrypted, the in formation is first decrypted through an intro-electric diagram process for it to be heard.However, the interceptor has to understand the language used in order to get the information. Furthermore, the technique is also utilized to monitor own communication in order to avoid leaking intelligence information to the enemy. b) ELINT This involves use of electronic sensors to gather intelligence information. This technique focuses mainly on non-communication signals intelligence. The process entails signal naming through analysis of certain parameters, then matching the signal parameter with known parameters or recording it as potential new emitter.The data collected is usually highly classified and hence given much security to prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing it. The basic ELINT target are all radar types and these include fire control navigation, surveillance and all radars deployed on sea, land and even in the pushover. Other targets include navigation systems, data links, command links and telemetry links (Ince et al, 2000). In most cases and especially in times of peace, ELINT is performed regularly prior to a limited mission.Peace operations have the objective of obtaining the maximum possible information on a get laid electromagnetic radiation within the areas of interest in any particular nation. In such cases, special ships, satellites, aircraft and land based ELINT facilities are utilized which operate in comprehensive reconnaissance schedules. nautical In the maritime environment, the EW systems have to meet their operational capability guidements in order to be effective and hence meet their objectives.However, there is a high occurrence chance of adverse electromagnetic noise between the EW and sensor system, since the maritime platforms operate jointly and also the number of EW and sensor system fitted in the maritime platforms has been increasing continually (DallArmi-Stoks et al, 2007). EW systems are mainly utilized for intell igence gathering and for self protection. They are utilized for maritime surveillance because of their capability in detecting, classifying and identification of the targets by intercepting their communication and radar emissions.However, they are not useful when the target element is observing radio silence since there are no emissions of electromagnetic radiations (Ince et al, 2000). In target identification during surveillance, the method used by the EW systems involves finding several features in the intercepted signals which are unique to all emitters. These features mainly include modulation, carrier frequency and stability, types and number of emitters, pulse width and pulse repetition frequency (Ince et al, 2000). Through the library carried by the interceptor, the target is identified.The library is usually obtained through ELINT as it collects and records much data from non-communication equipment radiation. The EW systems are usually installed in gun for hires or vessel s for combat. There are several current equipments which are currently being used but in limited number because of their cost. One is the naval laser prototype system which is installed in surface ships. This system enables the ships command team to detect the presence of laser body process in the surrounding (Saab, 2009).They are essential for situation awareness as they allows individuals to detect any laser activity in their surrounding from the enemy. The laser warning system detects, classifies and identifies the threats and allows individuals to prepare themselves from any attack and to invention to safer locations. This system is also used in submarines for detection of anti-submarine LIDAR. Another EW system used is the submarine ELINT systems, which utilizes phase interferometer in order to increase accuracy when finding direction (Saab, 2009).This system comprises of radar Warner receiver antenna, an ELINT antenna, and EW processing unit installed in the vessel. Air En vironment In the air environment, EW systems are used mainly for jamming, finding direction and for intelligence analysis of the ground military forces telephone, radio and Morse transmissions. Currently, the EW systems being used use complex command and control communications to link command posts and other posts such as weapons and radar posts (Boyne Fopp, 2002).In the past EW systems in the air force were not taken to be vitally important, but in the recent years they have become one of the critical parts of the air force plans (Gons, 2004). This is because the effectiveness of an aircraft depends greatly on the ability of the EW system. EW systems are essential for the military force to maintain dominance in the air and space. In aircrafts, the use of barrage jamming by simultaneous blocking a humongous range of frequencies is currently becoming outdated since it utilizes much electrical power (Brown, 1986).Currently, lasers are being increasingly used because of their low po wer consumption, space saving, and many other advantages. A number of aircrafts are fitted with the modern optical devices which are entails use of lasers. One of the aircraft with modern optical devices is the air defense version of the go (Brown, 1986). Optical devices used are the lasers radar which are considered to be less radical and helpful in visual recognition. There are also useful for aircraft recognition and tracking at long ranges which are usually achievable by air to air missiles.However, lasers have very narrow frequencies and thus can easily be tracked or intercepted. Furthermore, currently transferring electronic warfare capabilities across multiple platforms is not possible (AFPN, 2008). This can be attributed to lack of data standard or hardware. Conclusion and recommendation EW system EM compatibility should be addressed and managed properly using the correct procedures put in place in order to reduce EM interference. Otherwise the process of eliminating electr omagnetic interference will become expensive and capability affect the operational capability of the entire EW system.Consequently, adequate training might be helpful in ensuring that the proper procedures are followed. Ensuring that the right personnel have sufficient skills and fellowship on matters concerning EW system electromagnetic compatibility, interference problems will be greatly reduced. In addition to that, policies need to be developed and implemented to ensure that the correct procedures for addressing and managing the EW system electromagnetic compatibility are utilized. Policies will ensure that the technicians follow the proper procedures and not their own short cut procedures.In managing the complexness and the capability problems related to electromagnetic radiation in the EW system, it is essential that the electromagnetic capability and interference be assessed during the stages of planning, designing and even the development of the system. In addition to that assessment should be done during the innovation and operation of the electronic and electrical equipment and all the stages should be governed by the electromagnetic interference control plan. Additionally, more research needs to be done on the EW systems used in the aircrafts.This is because transference of electronic warfare capabilities across multiple platforms is currently not possible. Since there is no data standard or hardware in existence, if one particular aircraft has tremendous capabilities against a certain threat, the capabilities have to be regenerated singly for other platforms. This process therefore wastes a lot time and money in regeneration of new aircrafts. This problem is not just affecting the air force but the entire military force. Researchers therefore need to concentrate more on weapon systems compatibility with electronic warfare programs.With more research regularise EW programs that are compatible with all or majority of weapon systems will be devel oped. In spite of the lasers being easily intercepted, they provide a number of useful advantages which include accuracy and long distance coverage. In order to eliminate the disadvantages in using lasers, research is essential and thus researchers need to find ways of maximizing the advantages of lasers and minimizing the disadvantages. However, researches need many funds and thus governments and other organizations need to invest money in funding these researches.Furthermore, an integrated approach is also needed that combines sensors, weapons, self protection systems and the change countermeasures systems. The approach entails use of preprogrammed automated control, command and communications networks which can transmit data from systems that collect it to EW systems. Consequently, a centralized command facility should be put in place which allows senior military officers to prioritize the threats and to determine the methods to use against that particular adversary system.Addit ionally, an integrated intelligence system is required which combines the large amount of data collected by the sensors and then transforms it to useful information. In conclusion, funds are essential in achieving all the above recommendations. Researches and especially scientific researches are usually expensive as they require modernized equipment, enough scientist and engineers who have adequate skills and knowledge. Governments and other world organizations therefore need to invest more money in electro-optic EW systems since they provide many advantages which are cost effective and efficient and thus useful for peace missions.

Pirates of the Caribbean Essay Example for Free

Pirates of the Caribbean EssayThere dynamic personalities of the umpteen characters in Pirates of the Caribbean argon a huge part of what made the movie so successful. Among those characters, there be some who contribute more(prenominal) to the plot by their actions and some who affect the other characters by their unblemished presence. Captain Barbosa and the Commodore have some obvious differences that divide them in the movie, but their similarities atomic number 18 much more important.As a pair of comic alazons, Barbosa and the Commodore play an important role in providing basis for equation against Captain Jack Sparrow and further complicate the love story in the movie. Captain Barbosa is inte time out character in that his actions are often represented in an amateur light. It is important remember the unveiling of Barbosa if maven is to understand his character. It is important to note that he is originally Jack Sparrows rootage mate, which immediately relegates B arbosa to a subordinate and thus, amateur position.He never really grows out of that and through the rest of the movie and there is never much indication that he is capable, either. One such example where this is bare occurs when Barbosa makes the mistake of thinking that Elizabeth is the daughter of Bootstrap Bill Turner. By attempting this important blood ritual employ the wrong person, Barbosa shows reasonable how much of an impostor he actually is. In addition to that, one of the uncreated characteristics of a comic alazon is their unique competency to get in the way of the primary love picture show in the movie.In this case, Barbosas constant meddling with Elizabeth, Jack, and William spurns a host of different love-filled possibilities in the film. resembling Captain Barbosa, the Commodore is an interesting character who has a big role in the film. His primary role as impostor comes from his relationship with Elizabeth. He sets out to marry her and the film allows him t o get real close, but in conclusion she settles on Will Turner as her true love. This sets up the Commodore as something of a joke from the very beginning.In addition, he can be seen as a comic alazon because of his failed methods in finding Elizabeth when she has been captured by Barbosa. It is interesting to note that the Commodore is completely against piracy, which is something of a strange idea considering how common it was during the movies time. It was well-nigh as if he was on a mission to stop something that he had absolutely no ability to stop. The commodore is similar to Barbosa in many ways and the movie adeptly points this out. These deuce are similar in that they work as a foil for Will Turner in his relationship with Elizabeth.In addition, both are seen as something of jokes, and they are not taken seriously by the other characters even though the one thing they want more than anything is to be taken seriously. In a way, Jack Sparrow just toys with both the Commodo re and with Barbosa and though he is always in reach of them, he manages to make them look laughable and escape at the same time. This is the one reason why they are important to the plot. The basic characteristics of the two characters make them very different simply based upon the fact that Barbosa is a pirate who is hurting Elizabeth, plot the Commodore is against piracy and loves Barbosa.Those things are purely superfluous to the story, though, as the more important theme has to be draw both characters abilities to look foolish and completely inept at the same time. All in all, these characters are incredibly important to the storys development. Though their differences are pronounced, their similarities are even more important. On both sides of the spectrum, they serve as something to laugh at and people for the main characters to constantly toy with for the total of the film.

Public Transportation Essay Example for Free

Public Transportation EssayPublic Transportation there be slightly(prenominal) sorts of commuters on public transportation there atomic number 18 bus commuters, train commuters, and plain commuters. The first kind of commuter are tribe who muster the bus. At some point in their lifetime, everyone has had to ride the bus. Children ride the bus to school on a daily basis all the way through adolescence. race who live in large cities, ride the bus just about everywhere they need to go. local buses bring in large amounts of money for their area and can be very helpful to the people of the town. The second facet of transportation would be the train system. Among the many classifications of train systems, there are sub ways, trolleys, and lead ways. Subways are utilized by people who live in large areas. Trolleys are used by people who live in smaller areas, like suburbs. Rail ways, broken up in racetrack roads, are used all across the nation.Rail road cars, drive on train t racks, and corroborate become so popular that collectible toys have even been made after them. Rail ways help transport many of our nations most essential goods, and without them we would be facing serious problems. The third cause of transportation are airplanes. Air planes are mostly used for long distance traveling. Air planes are the most expensive of the three types, only they are still used very oftentimes. The wealthy often use air planes as their main way of traveling.Air planes can be seen by some as dangerous and very risky because of their bad history in the past. Air planes are blue flying machines that carry people from city to city and sometimes even across countries. Air planes are used by people in politics, the millitary, and even regular citizens. Air planes are very important to our country and help make our lives much easier. As you can see, there are many diffrent types of transportation, but they all help make our lives easier in their own special way.

Development from Birth to 19 Essay Example for Free

Development from Birth to 19 atomic number 50vassPhysical- 0-3 Physical violatement from birth is usually very quick, deep down the first few weeks of exis tennerce born a baby ordain smile and split up answering to sounds and environments. Gradually their muscles send-off to develop and by 6 months they pull up stakes emerge r each(prenominal)ing for and h ageding objects. Around the time a baby reaches relate little year they be bewilderning to crawl, and can roll from front to back. Using furniture to aid themselves in standing or victimisation bounteous support to rifle taking almost first steps. They ar now satisfactory to sit unaided.Hand eye coordination resumes improving as they pass objects between twain hands. Teeth whitethorn scribble to come on and much than solid food leave behind be introduced to them. As they move towards the age of two a child will mystify walking and victimisation toys to weigh and pull while they ar walking. Pi cking objects up in different ways, building small towers and first to certify a preference for oneness hand. Pointing at their choices and waving and using their head to tell you yes or no. Between two and iii they will start making marks on account and developing their fine motor skills. Gross motor skills will develop, kicking balls and throwing them.3-7 From three days unadulterated motor skills will start advancing, such as jumping and running, stairs will lead easier. They will gain more independence. Fine motor skills will be easier and they can start to dress and disinvest themselves with a small amount of assistance. By the time a child gets to four girls and boys sour reasonably different. Boys gross motor skills will be developed further when it comes to throwing, catching, climbing pedalling and so forth yet for girls their fine motor skills will be more developed with social occasion of scissors, pens/pencils and threading beads. When children reach the age of fivesome they will see more control with pencils, copying letters and shapes. Gross motor skills will restrain on developing and they ar able to kick with an aim, consumeing to hop on one subdivision and then the other. By six children will start taking risks with jumping from h octets and will start riding bikes better as their confidence increases. They occupy to do thotons while dressing themselves and begin to check into laces.7-12 At seven geezerhood grey children can walk along a thin contestation with arms out to the side for balance. They will start riding a bike two-wheeled or possibly roller skates. Stamina will dumbfound increased planting in some activities such as swimming and gymnastics. They start to assess their environment when running avoiding objects that ar in their way. Catching bring abouts better, and whitethorn even use merely one hand when doing so. They are more competent with their penning skills, incorporating work with their drawin gs, such as green at the bottom of the page for grass. Children aged eight and ennead control a quicker reaction time and their personify strength will hurl increased. They enjoy participating in sports and energetic games.They can control over small muscles and can draw and write with more skill and dexterity and start joining letters in their mitt. At ten and eleven geezerhood girls and boys begin to differ again, girls experience puberty earlier than boys, generally girls are two years forth of boys. Body proportions require more standardised those of adults. Writing has become established and they will now have a writing style, usually with joined up letters. 12-19 Physical becomes very different in each child from the age of twelve upwards as they are now in adolescence. Boys and girls have a big difference. Boys will become bigger than girls, body shape will change, muscles will develop and body hair will grow. Strength and coordination will increase.Other changes tha t happen within puberty will start such as their voices getting deeper, testicles and scrotum will begin to grow. With Girls body shape will change and start to round and become curvy. Their breasts will start to develop, menstruation will start however this can assert from eight years until late teens, and the average age is virtually thirteen. Some girls may become physically mature by the age of fifteen and close to their adult height, however some may dumb develop larger breasts and a fuller figure.Intellectual- 0-3 When a baby is born intellect is very simple by imitating and leavening naked as a jaybird ways of behaviour. For use, imitating adults when opening their mouth and sticking out their tongue. They start to make eye contact and recognise their primary carers and cry in expressive ways. Begin to meet the meanings of course such as bye and mama. By the time they are turning nine months emeritus they will gain their routine processs and follow simple instruc tion manual. They will watch a toy be hidden and then anticipate for it (object permanence) and also look in the correct direction for a locomote toy.By one year erstwhile(a) children will use the trial and error method to notice about objects. They pull in simple instructions such as clap hands or quaver bye. They will start to learn body parts and will point to them and refer to themselves by name. By two years children begin to understand the consequences of their own actions and of those around them. They follow simple instructions and give empathy to other babies cry and try to provide comfortableness. Vocabulary will grow to about 1,000 address and will start to put phrases together.3-7 At three years old children are able to match two or three colours, following instructions will have grown and are hypnotised by cause and effect often asking why. They have grasped the concept of one and lots. At four years old children will lecture about things in the past and in the future, their remembering skills have increased and can often confuse fact with fiction, they can give reasons and solve problems, and are able to sort objects into groups. By five years old, a child can produce drawings with broad detail, they become interested in reading and writing. By six years old, children call in in a more co-ordinated way and can hold more than one point of view at a time. They are able to know the difference between reality and fantasy only when may shut away be frightened by supernatural characters. They develop concepts of quantity such as length, volume, capacity and weight. heathen conventions influence their drawing and writing.7-12 At seven years old, children will start to become better with technology, using computers for simple word processing using the mouse and keyboard. They start to challenge themselves by using new materials for experiments. They enjoy learning mathematical and scientific concepts and can perform simple calculations in their heads and telling time. Children develop a logical way of thinking but are lock in limited compared to an adult. At eight and nine years old children have an increased attention span, they understand convoluted sentences and are able to address and express their ideas. They learn to plan ahead and evaluate what they do. At ten and eleven, they begin to fig out memory strategies, they understand the motives behind the actions of another. Children may become curious about alcohol, tobacco and drugs and motivation to understand more about them.12-19 During adolescence teenagers become more responsible for their own thoughts, words and actions, they think about possibilities and their future, occupations and relationships etc. Teenagers form their individual identity with guidance from education, parents and peers. They think finished hypotheses and by using their ability they think about situations that are contrary to fact. They use imagination when solving problems and th ey approach a problem with a systematic method.Communication and wording-0-3 A childs language development usually begins within their first three months, babies will watch faces and mouths and try to copy other piles motility and sounds. They will coo, gurgle and cry in expressive ways, they smile in response to speech. They laugh and joint with increasing tone and intensity. At around six months babies babble spontaneously, talk to themselves and squeal with delight. At nine months babies enjoy communicating with sounds, they understand and obey the command no. At the age of one, children will speak two to six or more recognizable words and show that they understand many more. At twelve months deaf babies stop babbling and begin to learn the special manual gestures of sign language.They start to learn a few body parts. At eighteen months the vocabulary grows to six to forty recognisable words and understand many more than that, using gestures alongside these words. Singing i s enjoyable as tumefy as listening to songs and rhymes. At two years old children speak over 200 words and learn new words rapidly, but can understand many more words than they can speak. Phases are used as telegraphic speech some phrases can mean more than one thing. Naming things becomes fun and they fell a great deal of time doing this. Why becomes a favourite(a) word and forelands are constantly being asked. As a child reaches three years old, they will join in and remember both words and actions to songs, speech progresses into longer sentences and can easily learn new words, names, places and so on.3-7 As children grow at three years old, if more than one language is being spoken around them they will learn more than one language. They can carry on conversations but often miss link words like the and is During their singing and speaking they will use pitch and tone. At four years old, children start to talk in past and in the future. They begin to recognise patterns in the way words are formed and apply these when talking however they are unaware that many common words have irregular forms, they may say I runned or I goed. Jokes and play on words become enjoyable. At five years old children will talk with a good knowledge of tense, using the past, present and future in conversation. They are tranquil in speech and grammatically correct for the majority. Questions are asked about abstract words like beyond. Children at six years old gain confidence when they speak and remember and repeat songs and greenhouse rhymes. They may substitute between wanting stories read to them and reading books themselves.7-12 At seven years old children understand that words have more than one meaning. Expressing themselves becomes easier in speech and writing. They use compound and complex sentences, and can carry adult-like conversation. At eight and nine, children use and understand complex sentences, they are very oral and enjoy making up and telling jokes. Spellin g becomes understood, and using simple punctuation becomes consistent. They use writing for different purposes, for both imaginative and factual. They use books to find out answers, reading independently for long periods of time, some times using the assist of adults. Through the ages of ten and eleven children can write moderately lengthy essays, to do this they may use dictionaries, school libraries or the help of an adult to gain the correct information. They will look at work they have done and try to correct punctuation and revising their own writing.12-19 During adolescents, language skills may still be developing, but with a more complex manner. They may start using sarcasm and wit the older they get. They will have a fast legitimate style of handwriting and will communicate in an adult manner, including increased maturity. Teenagers are able to process text talk and abstract meaning, understanding abstract language and the meaning, figurative language and metaphors.Emotiona l and Personal-0-3 From birth babies respond to adults especially their mother/fathers faces and voices.. At one years old children may show distress or separation anxiety. Objects such as blankets or teddies will be used for comfort. They become emotionally liable, meaning that they are likely to have variable moods throughout the day. From two years old, children want to please adults and become much more independent, but frustration will show when they are futile to complete some tasks without the help of an adult resulting in tantrums. Jealousy begins to show when they are not receiving attention, communion may become hard for some children, this can be with attention from adults or even some toys. Frustration is now shown more because of not being able to express themselves. Children may also show toilet needs by restlessness or words.3-7 From three years old, children will begin to learn to share better with other children. They feel more secure are able to cope in new surro undings and new adults for a longer period of time, but still need routine and structure to feel safe. They like to do more things independently and unaided. Affection is shown to siblings whether it be older or younger. Using the toilet independently and dry throughout the night but may still have accidents, although this may be different with each child. Fears may develop for example of the dark, this is because they are capable of sham and imagining.At four years old children can eat skilfully with a spoon and a fork. Dressing themselves and doing things like brushing their teeth, washing and drying their hands can be done independently but still need help with buttons and laces. Children at five years old have definitive likes and dislikes, but may have small apparent logic, for example they may eat on food when it is only cut a certain way. From the age of six children begin to compare themselves with others around them, thinking that they are like others but in a different wa y. They carry out simple task and like to get rewarded for doing so, some people may use reward charts to do so.7-12 At seven years old children learn how to control their emotions, learning that they can keep their emotions to themselves and hide their true thoughts and feelings. Who they would like to be becomes thought about and can be critical of their own work. Children at eight and nine years old can easily be embarrassed, can be discouraged easily and take dress in their own competence. They can become argumentative and bossy however can still be kind and approachable. The feelings and needs of others may not be fully understandable to them but they do begin to see things from somebody elses point of view. Through the ages of ten and eleven, children have an increasing ability to understand the needs and opinions of others, developing a more defined individual personality. They can become gradually more self-conscious and are able to identify and describe what they are feeli ng to others. For girls especially those who start puberty early they may have sudden dramatic or emotional changes.12-19 As teenagers go through adolescents through the ages of twelve and sixteen they may feel misunderstood, they may become self-conscious or desirous about their physical appearance and often compare themselves to others, needing a great deal of reassurance. They may alternate between behaving like a child and behaving as an adult, this is because they will experience big emotional changes and may find them difficult to control. Recognition from peers becomes important to teenagers feeling the need to be accepted, this may influence their dress styles and interests. Through sixteen and nineteen teenagers may begin to explore their own sexuality, they can start to question their own familys beliefs, values and attitudes and develop their own. Their peers have less influence on them as it becomes less important to them.Social and Behavioural-0-3 From Birth babies en joy feeding and cuddling. They enjoy the company of others and games like peek-a-boo become one of their favourites. They will become shy around others and look to their primary carer for comfort and reassurance. They begin to show a particular temperament, they can be placid or excitable. At around six months babies become more wary of strangers and show distress when their mothers leave, they smile at familiar faces and strangers. From one year, children help with daily routines, such as getting washed and dressed, they enjoy socialising at meal times, trying to keep in line feeding themselves.. They may repeatedly throw objects on the floor during play or because of rejection. Playing by themselves contently but may prefer to be near a family member or familiar adult. At two years old children become curious about their environment and are eager to try new experiences, they like to play with other children but may not like sharing their toys.3-7 From three years old children can see things from someone elses point of view and family meal times become very enjoyable. They are willing to share their toys with their peers and begin to take turns when playing, it is interesting to make friends and having them. They are more cooperative with adults and like to help them. At four years old children like to be independent and are strongly self-willed. They like to be with other children but often show esthesia to others. When a child reaches five years old they are able to amuse themselves for longer periods of time, for example looking at a book or watching a DVD, they show sympathy and comfort to friends who are hurt and are able to choose their own friends. At six years old children choose their friends from their personalities and interests, they hold long conversations with them naturally taking it in turns to speak and listen.7-12 Children from seven years old start to form close relationships mainly with those of the same sex as them, however adult help m ay be needed in resolving arguments. Speaking up for themselves becomes easier for example when visiting people like the dentist or doctor. Around this age it is important for children to understand boundaries and why they are there. At eight and nine children make friends rather casually and may change quickly, the majority of friends are still the same sex as them but begin to show interest in the opposite sex.They start to join informal clubs formed by other children themselves but also like to join adult led groups like brownies or cubs, and start to show a sense of loyalty to these groups. Through the ages of ten and eleven children have stronger relationships with friends and usually have a best friend, the friendship will also digest longer, these friendships will be formed on the basis of a mix of different shared interests and things that they have in common. Children fall into peer pressure and want to talk, dress and act like their friends, they prefer to spend time with friends and still continue to enjoy belonging to small groups of the same sex.12-19 During adolescents teenagers start to identify more with friends and the relationship with parents becomes weaker. Because of the emotional need of feeling accepted from their peers, friends influence their interests. Teenagers become more socially trained and become better at resolving conflicts with others. As they reach the age of sixteen to nineteen relationships with parents become strong again as they can have much more of an adult relationship with them. Friends and others around them influence their behaviour less as they become less important to them.